Chopra Neha, Menounos Spiro, Choi Jaesung P, Hansbro Philip M, Diwan Ashish D, Das Abhirup
Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia;
Spine Service, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
NeuroSci. 2021 Dec 21;3(1):1-27. doi: 10.3390/neurosci3010001. eCollection 2022 Mar.
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) has been long thought of as a functional equivalent to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), restricting blood flow into the spinal cord. The spinal cord is supported by various disc tissues that provide agility and has different local immune responses compared to the brain. Though physiologically, structural components of the BSCB and BBB share many similarities, the clinical landscape significantly differs. Thus, it is crucial to understand the composition of BSCB and also to establish the cause-effect relationship with aberrations and spinal cord dysfunctions. Here, we provide a descriptive analysis of the anatomy, current techniques to assess the impairment of BSCB, associated risk factors and impact of spinal disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), peripheral nerve injury (PNI), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cavernous malformations (SCM) and cancer on BSCB dysfunction. Along with diagnostic and mechanistic analyses, we also provide an up-to-date account of available therapeutic options for BSCB repair. We emphasize the need to address BSCB as an individual entity and direct future research towards it.
长期以来，血脊髓屏障（BSCB）一直被认为在功能上等同于血脑屏障（BBB），限制血液流入脊髓。脊髓由各种椎间盘组织支撑，这些组织提供了灵活性，并且与大脑相比具有不同的局部免疫反应。尽管在生理上，BSCB和BBB的结构成分有许多相似之处，但临床情况却有显著差异。因此，了解BSCB的组成并建立其与异常和脊髓功能障碍之间的因果关系至关重要。在此，我们对BSCB的解剖结构、评估BSCB损伤的当前技术、相关风险因素以及脊髓损伤（SCI）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、周围神经损伤（PNI）、缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）、退行性颈椎病（DCM）、多发性硬化症（MS）、脊髓海绵状畸形（SCM）和癌症等脊髓疾病对BSCB功能障碍的影响进行了描述性分析。除了诊断和机制分析外，我们还提供了关于BSCB修复的现有治疗选择的最新情况。我们强调需要将BSCB作为一个独立的实体来对待，并引导未来针对它的研究。
