Nrf2通过在病毒-细菌双重感染期间调节树突状细胞- T细胞相互作用来调控炎症反应。
Nrf2 Regulates Inflammation by Modulating Dendritic Cell-T Cell Crosstalk during Viral-Bacterial Superinfection.
作者信息
Duray Alexis M, Miller Leigh M, Dresden Brooke P, Rago Flavia, Antos Danielle, McHugh Kevin J, Alcorn John F
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
出版信息
J Immunol. 2024 Dec 15;213(12):1834-1843. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400322.
Every year millions of people are infected with influenza, which can be complicated by secondary bacterial pneumonia. One factor that may contribute to increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection is the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be a master regulator of the antioxidant response and various inflammatory cytokines. To test the role of Nrf2 during viral-bacterial superinfection, we used a mouse model of influenza-Staphylococcus aureus superinfection with wild-type (WT) or Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice. Loss of Nrf2 reduced influenza burden and increased S. aureus burden during superinfection. Additionally, Nrf2-/- mice had increased abundance of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (DCs). We then tested the interaction between DCs and T cells using an in vitro model of bone marrow-derived DCs with OVA and OT-II T cells. In this system, Nrf2-/- DCs promoted a Th2/regulatory T cell response as opposed to a Th1/Th17 response by WT DCs. This was recapitulated in vivo with superinfected Nrf2-/- mice having increased regulatory T cell populations. We also observed an increased median survival time of Nrf2-/- superinfected mice, due at least in part to increased IL-10 signaling, as anti-IL-10R Ab treatment reduced median survival time to levels seen in WT mice. Overall, these data suggest that loss of Nrf2 promotes differential T cell skewing mediated by DCs that promote a regulatory phenotype, increasing superinfection survival time, despite increased bacterial burden.
每年有数百万人感染流感,流感可能会并发继发性细菌性肺炎。导致继发性细菌感染易感性增加的一个因素是炎性细胞因子的调节。核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)已被证明是抗氧化反应和各种炎性细胞因子的主要调节因子。为了测试Nrf2在病毒-细菌双重感染中的作用,我们使用了野生型(WT)或Nrf2基因敲除(Nrf2-/-)小鼠的流感-金黄色葡萄球菌双重感染小鼠模型。在双重感染期间,Nrf2的缺失降低了流感负担,但增加了金黄色葡萄球菌负担。此外,Nrf2-/-小鼠的传统1型树突状细胞(DC)丰度增加。然后,我们使用骨髓来源的DC与OVA和OT-II T细胞的体外模型测试了DC与T细胞之间的相互作用。在这个系统中,与WT DC诱导的Th1/Th17反应相反,Nrf2-/- DC促进了Th2/调节性T细胞反应。在体内也观察到了这种情况,双重感染的Nrf2-/-小鼠的调节性T细胞群体增加。我们还观察到Nrf2-/-双重感染小鼠的中位生存时间增加,这至少部分归因于IL-10信号增强,因为抗IL-10R抗体治疗将中位生存时间降低到了WT小鼠的水平。总体而言,这些数据表明,Nrf2的缺失促进了由DC介导的差异性T细胞偏向,从而促进了调节性表型,尽管细菌负担增加,但增加了双重感染的生存时间。
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