Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Nov 1;44(1):73. doi: 10.1007/s10571-024-01501-5.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that arises from genetic and environmental factors. The current investigation endeavors to investigate the role of exposure to organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), recognized as the main environmental elements, in the genesis of PD. In this case-control study, 29 PD patients and 51 healthy subjects were involved. Gas chromatography was performed to measure the serum levels of organochlorine chemicals (2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH). Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and several oxidative stress (OS) markers were assessed. The levels of OCPs in the PD patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects. In addition, AChE activity, arylesterase activity of PON-1, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase 3 activity in PD patients were significantly less than controls. However, the levels of carbonyl protein, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide in PD patients were higher than the controls. The findings of this investigation have indicated that OCPs and OPPs exposure could contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. This potential linkage could either be established through the direct impact of these pesticides on the nervous system, leading to neurotoxicity, or via an indirect route through the triggering of OS.
帕金森病（PD）是一种复杂的疾病，由遗传和环境因素引起。本研究旨在探讨接触有机氯（OCPs）和有机磷农药（OPPs）这两种公认的主要环境因素在 PD 发病机制中的作用。在这项病例对照研究中，纳入了 29 名 PD 患者和 51 名健康对照者。采用气相色谱法测定血清中有机氯化学物质（2,4-DDT、4,4-DDT、2,4-DDE、4,4-DDE、α-HCH、β-HCH 和 γ-HCH）的水平。此外，还评估了乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性、对氧磷酶-1（PON-1）的芳基酯酶活性以及几种氧化应激（OS）标志物。PD 患者的 OCPs 水平明显高于对照组。此外，PD 患者的 AChE 活性、PON-1 的芳基酯酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶 3 活性明显低于对照组。然而，PD 患者的羰基蛋白、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和一氧化氮水平高于对照组。本研究结果表明，OCPs 和 OPPs 暴露可能导致帕金森病的发生。这种潜在的联系可能是通过这些农药对神经系统的直接影响导致神经毒性，或者通过引发 OS 而间接发生。
