Platsidaki Eftychia, Markantoni Vasiliki, Nicolaidou Electra, Katoulis Alexander, Rigopoulos Dimitrios, Stratigos Alexandros J, Gregoriou Stamatios
1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2024 Nov;14(11):3183-3192. doi: 10.1007/s13555-024-01297-8. Epub 2024 Nov 1.
Melasma is a common acquired disorder of melanogenesis that predominately affects women and presents as hyperpigmented skin lesions mainly located on the face. The study aims to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and hormonal profiles in melasma patients.
One hundred fifty patients were enrolled in this study in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical patterns, pigment depth, disease severity, underlying conditions, and heredity were recorded. Endocrinologic profile and vitamin D levels were assessed.
On clinical examination, the condition indicated a centrofacial localization in 74% of the patients. Extra facial melasma was noticed in 10 patients who had centrofacial melasma to begin with. Wood's lamp examination showed the dermal type as the most common. A family history of melasma was noted in 38% of the patients. Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score ranged from 0.3 to 10.8, with a mean score of 4.12 ± 2.06. Pregnancy-induced melasma was reported in 36.1% of the patients. In 17.4% of women, melasma was related to using oral contraceptives. In 22% of patients, mild vitamin D deficiency was detected, while 21% had thyroid disorders.
There is a strong correlation between family history and prevalence of melasma. Sun exposure is a major precipitating factor and should be carefully addressed in Mediterranean countries like Greece. However, other factors such as concomitant medication, multiple pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives, thyroid disorders and vitamin D deficiency might precipitate melasma.
黄褐斑是一种常见的后天性黑素生成紊乱疾病，主要影响女性，表现为主要位于面部的色素沉着性皮肤病变。本研究旨在调查黄褐斑患者的流行病学特征和激素水平。
在一家三级护理医院招募了150名患者。记录临床模式、色素沉着深度、疾病严重程度、基础疾病和遗传情况。评估内分泌状况和维生素D水平。
临床检查发现，74%的患者病变位于面中部。最初面中部有黄褐斑的10名患者出现了面部以外部位的黄褐斑。伍德灯检查显示真皮型最为常见。38%的患者有黄褐斑家族史。黄褐斑面积和严重程度指数（MASI）评分范围为0.3至10.8，平均评分为4.12±2.06。36.1%的患者报告有妊娠性黄褐斑。17.4%的女性黄褐斑与使用口服避孕药有关。22%的患者检测出轻度维生素D缺乏，21%的患者有甲状腺疾病。
家族史与黄褐斑患病率之间存在密切关联。日晒是一个主要诱发因素，在希腊等地中海国家应予以高度重视。然而，其他因素如合并用药、多次怀孕、使用口服避孕药、甲状腺疾病和维生素D缺乏也可能诱发黄褐斑。
