Xu Gefeng, Pan Yucai, Gu Wei, Huang Tianqing, Liu Enhui, Wang Gaochao
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2024 Dec;209(Pt B):117215. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117215. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Aquaculture intensification system is challenged by high ammonia concentrations, which can affect fish physiology. In the present study, we assessed the effects of ammonia on ussuri cisco based on histopathology, antioxidant enzyme activity, immune response, and integrated biomarker responses. After exposure to 60.0 mg/L ammonia, liver vacuolization, bruising, nucleolysis, cell swelling, cell rupture, and structural irregularities were observed. It was found that the degree of liver damage increased with the duration of stress and was most severe at 72 h. During ammonia stress, the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA and T-AOC in the treatment groups showed a tendency to increase and then decrease. In addition, the serum activities of GOT, GPT and AKP were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group after ammonia exposure. We also evaluated the immune regulatory mechanisms of the NF-κB pathway and showed that immune-related genes (TNF-α, TAK1, NFKBIA, IKBKB, P50, P65, IL-8, IL-1β and A20) were differentially elevated during the exposure period, especially TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and A20 which were all highly expressed. CAT, GPT, AKP and SOD were identified as representative markers of biotoxic effects. This will help to more accurately estimate the ecological risk of environmental ammonia to fish populations.
水产养殖集约化系统面临着高氨浓度的挑战，高氨浓度会影响鱼类生理。在本研究中，我们基于组织病理学、抗氧化酶活性、免疫反应和综合生物标志物反应评估了氨对乌苏里白鲑的影响。暴露于60.0毫克/升的氨后，观察到肝脏空泡化、瘀伤、核溶解、细胞肿胀、细胞破裂和结构不规则。发现肝脏损伤程度随应激持续时间增加，在72小时时最为严重。在氨应激期间，处理组血清中SOD、CAT、MDA和T-AOC水平呈先升高后降低的趋势。此外，氨暴露后处理组血清中GOT、GPT和AKP活性显著高于对照组。我们还评估了NF-κB途径的免疫调节机制，结果表明免疫相关基因（TNF-α、TAK1、NFKBIA、IKBKB、P50、P65、IL-8、IL-1β和A20）在暴露期间有不同程度的升高，尤其是TNF-α、IL-8、IL-1β和A20均高表达。CAT、GPT、AKP和SOD被确定为生物毒性效应的代表性标志物。这将有助于更准确地评估环境氨对鱼类种群的生态风险。
