Duan Yafei, Xiao Meng, Zhu Ruijie, Nan Yuxiu, Yang Yukai, Huang Xiaohua, Zhang Dianchang
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Mar 31;14(4):419. doi: 10.3390/antiox14040419.
Ammonia is the main harmful environmental substance affecting fish culture. The liver is the immune and metabolic organ of fish, and its physiological homeostasis will affect the health of the organism. In this study, healthy golden pompano juveniles were exposed to 5 mg/L (A5) and 10 mg/L (A10) ammonia-N stress for 7 days and then the variation characteristics of the physiological homeostasis of the liver were analyzed at multiple biological levels. After ammonia stress, the liver showed obvious morphological changes and stress responses. Specifically, the oxidative stress indexes, such as the activities of the anti-superoxide anion generation capacity (ASC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were elevated in the A5 and A10 groups, while the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were disturbed; the relative expression levels of the and genes were increased in the A10 group, while the expressions of the and were decreased in the A5 and A10 groups. Ferroptosis related genes, such as the relative expressions of , , and were increased in the A5 and A10 groups, and were decreased in the A5 group but elevated in the A10 group, and , , , and were only increased in the A10 group. Inflammation related genes, such as , , and relative expression levels, were increased in the A10 group, was increased in the A5 and A10 groups, while was decreased in the A5 group but increased in the A10 group. Immune related genes, such as the expression levels of and , were increased in the A5 group but decreased in the A10 group. The integrated biomarker responses revealed that the hepatotoxicity of ammonia was concentration-dependent, and there was a high correlation between oxidative stress, ferroptosis, inflammation, and immune function changes. These results reveal the hepatotoxicity of ammonia stress on .
氨是影响鱼类养殖的主要有害环境物质。肝脏是鱼类的免疫和代谢器官，其生理稳态会影响机体健康。在本研究中，将健康的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼暴露于5 mg/L（A5）和10 mg/L（A10）的氨氮胁迫下7天，然后在多个生物学水平分析肝脏生理稳态的变化特征。氨胁迫后，肝脏出现明显的形态变化和应激反应。具体而言，A5组和A10组的抗氧化应激指标，如抗超氧阴离子生成能力（ASC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性升高，而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量受到干扰；A10组中 和 基因的相对表达水平升高，而A5组和A10组中 和 的表达降低。铁死亡相关基因，如 、 和 的相对表达在A5组和A10组中升高， 在A5组中降低但在A10组中升高， 、 、 和 仅在A10组中升高。炎症相关基因，如 、 和 的相对表达水平在A10组中升高， 在A5组和A10组中升高，而 在A5组中降低但在A10组中升高。免疫相关基因，如 和 的表达水平在A5组中升高但在A10组中降低。综合生物标志物反应表明，氨的肝毒性具有浓度依赖性，氧化应激、铁死亡、炎症和免疫功能变化之间存在高度相关性。这些结果揭示了氨胁迫对 的肝毒性。
