Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 1;14(1):26271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77525-0.
The complete mitochondrial genomes of the whip spiders Charinus carajas, C. ferreus, and Heterophrynus longicornis were sequenced, annotated, and compared with other mitogenomes of whip spiders and arachnids. The three new mitogenomes have the 37 genes usually observed in Metazoa: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), plus a non-coding control region (CR). Most PCGs presented an ATN start codon, except cox1 in both Charinus species, initiating with TTA. Most PCGs terminated with stop codons TAA or TAG, except nad5 of C. carajas and cox3 of H. longicornis, which presented an incomplete stop codon (T). The Ka/Ks ratios were less than one for all the PCGs, indicating these genes are under purifying selection. All the tRNAs, except for serine 1 (trnS1), had the typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structure. All the phylogenetic analyses resolved Charinus carajas and C. ferreus as monophyletic groups. Nonetheless, we did not recover the monophyly of Heterophrynus longicornis. The phylogenies under partitioned models did not recover suprageneric taxonomic groups as clades, but the Bayesian inference under the CAT infinite mixture model recovered the family Phrynidae and the superfamily Phrynoidea as monophyletic groups.
已测序、注释并比较了鞭蛛 Charinus carajas、C.ferreus 和 Heterophrynus longicornis 的完整线粒体基因组，并与其他鞭蛛和蛛形纲动物的线粒体基因组进行了比较。这三个新的线粒体基因组具有 Metazoa 中通常观察到的 37 个基因：13 个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）、22 个转移 RNA（tRNA）和 2 个核糖体 RNA（rRNA），外加一个非编码控制区（CR）。大多数 PCGs 以 ATN 起始密码子开始，除了两种 Charinus 物种中的 cox1 以 TTA 开始。大多数 PCGs 以终止密码子 TAA 或 TAG 终止，除了 C.carajas 的 nad5 和 H.longicornis 的 cox3，它们具有不完整的终止密码子（T）。所有 PCGs 的 Ka/Ks 比值均小于 1，表明这些基因受到纯化选择。除了丝氨酸 1（trnS1）外，所有 tRNA 都具有典型的三叶形二级结构。所有的系统发育分析都将 Charinus carajas 和 C.ferreus 解析为单系群。然而，我们没有恢复 Heterophrynus longicornis 的单系性。分区模型下的系统发育没有将超科分类群作为进化枝恢复，但 CAT 无限混合模型下的贝叶斯推断恢复了 Phrynidae 科和 Phrynoidea 超科作为单系群。
