Ruiz-Lozano Raul E, Herrera-Rodriguez Monica I, Mendoza-Pallares Jazmin A, Reyes-Godinez Natalia, Tamez-Tamez Veronica E, Ramos-Dávila Eugenia M, Villagomez-Valdez Luis G, Garza-Garza Lucas A, Quiroga-Garza Manuel E, Khodor Ali, Gongora-Cortes Jose J, Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences., Monterrey, Mexico.
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Ophthalmol Ther. 2025 Jan;14(1):55-71. doi: 10.1007/s40123-024-01050-6. Epub 2024 Nov 2.
The needs of family caregivers providing care to relatives with visual impairment are often dismissed, leading to caregiver burden. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) can measure the caregiver burden of caring for a family member with vision impairment. The purpose of this study is to validate the ZBI in Mexican family caregivers of patients with visual impairment.
The ZBI was applied to 137 family caregivers of patients with visual acuity ≤ 20/200 in the best eye for ≥ 6 months. The ZBI's reliability was determined using Cronbach's α and the factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA, principal axis factoring with promax rotation). Items with loadings < 0.400 were eliminated. Retained factors were determined using the scree test and Horn's parallel analysis (95% CI). Associations between burden factors and other variables were evaluated with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Mean ZBI score was 26.2 ± 13.1, and internal consistency was high (α = 0.871). EFA yielded four factors: (1) embarrassment and frustration, (2) self-efficacy expectations, (3) interference in personal relationships, and (4) personal strain. The α values ranged from 0.649 to 0.812. Spousal caregivers had significantly higher scores (factors 1, 2, and 4), whereas adult children had less scores (factor 3). There was a significant positive correlation between hours of daily caregiving and factors 2 (r = 0.350) and 3 (r = 0.388). A worse degree of visual impairment was associated with higher mean factor scores in all factors.
The ZBI is a valid instrument to detect burden in Mexican caregivers of patients with visual impairment. We identified a four-factor structure that improved our understanding of the ZBI's underlying constructs. Interventions targeting specific types of burden are warranted.
为视力受损亲属提供照料的家庭照料者的需求常常被忽视，从而导致照料者负担。 Zarit照料负担访谈量表（ZBI）能够衡量照料视力受损家庭成员的照料者负担。本研究的目的是在墨西哥视力受损患者的家庭照料者中验证ZBI。
将ZBI应用于137名最佳矫正视力≤20/200且持续≥6个月的患者的家庭照料者。使用Cronbach's α确定ZBI的信度，并使用探索性因素分析（EFA，主轴因子分析和斜交旋转）确定因素结构。剔除载荷<0.400的条目。使用碎石图检验和霍恩平行分析（95%CI）确定保留的因素。采用描述性和推断性统计评估负担因素与其他变量之间的关联。
ZBI平均得分为26.2±13.1，内部一致性较高（α = 0.871）。EFA产生了四个因素：（1）尴尬和沮丧，（2）自我效能期望，（3）对人际关系的干扰，以及（4）个人压力。α值范围为0.649至0.812。配偶照料者得分显著更高（因素1、2和4），而成人子女得分较低（因素3）。每日照料时长与因素2（r = 0.350）和因素3（r = 0.388）之间存在显著正相关。更严重的视力损害程度与所有因素中更高的平均因素得分相关。
ZBI是检测墨西哥视力受损患者照料者负担的有效工具。我们确定了一个四因素结构，这有助于我们更好地理解ZBI的潜在结构。有必要针对特定类型的负担进行干预。
