Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Av. Batallon de San Patricio #112, Col. Real de San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, CP, 66278, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Av. I. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Sertoma, Monterrey, NL, CP, 64710, Mexico.
Disabil Health J. 2022 Jul;15(3):101284. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101284. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
The needs of informal caregivers who provide care to family relatives with visual impairment are often neglected, resulting in burden and depression.
To determine the degree of burden and the prevalence of major depression experienced by caregivers, defined as non-paid family relatives, of legally blind individuals in a Mexican population.
Observational, single-center, cross-sectional study in adults providing care to their family relatives with visual impairment (visual acuity ≤ 20/200 in the best eye for at least 3 months). According to visual impairment degree, care provided included activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL. Burden of care was evaluated with the Zarit burden interview (ZBI)-22 and the prevalence of major depression was determined by the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9.
115 patients and 115 caregivers were included. Male caregivers had significantly higher ZBI-22 (28.7 ± 15.5 vs. 19.2 ± 12.6, p = 0.001) and PHQ-9 (10.0 ± 5.5 vs. 5.3 ± 5.1, p < 0.001) scores than females. Likewise, parent caregivers of adult children and the hours of daily care were significantly associated with higher burden and depression scores. A significant linear correlation between ZBI-22 and PHQ-9 scores in caregivers was also found (r = 0.649, p < 0.001).
Male caregivers, parent caregivers of adult children, and caregivers providing greater hours of care were at higher risk of burden and depression. Upon diagnosis of visual impairment, adults providing care to visually impaired family relatives should be screened for burden and depression and referred to a mental health specialist when necessary. Tailored interventions targeting the caregivers' needs are required to reduce burden and depression.
为视力受损的家庭亲属提供照顾的非正式照顾者的需求经常被忽视，导致他们负担过重和抑郁。
确定在墨西哥人口中，为法定失明者提供照顾的非付费家庭亲属（视力在最好的眼睛中≤20/200 至少 3 个月）的照顾者的负担程度和重度抑郁症的患病率。
对为视力受损（最好的眼睛中视力≤20/200 至少 3 个月）的家庭亲属提供照顾的成年人进行观察性、单中心、横断面研究。根据视力受损程度，提供的照顾包括日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）。使用 Zarit 负担访谈（ZBI）-22 评估照顾负担，使用患者健康问卷（PHQ）-9 确定重度抑郁症的患病率。
共纳入 115 名患者和 115 名照顾者。男性照顾者的 ZBI-22（28.7±15.5 比 19.2±12.6，p=0.001）和 PHQ-9（10.0±5.5 比 5.3±5.1，p<0.001）评分显著高于女性。同样，成年子女的父母照顾者和每天的照顾时间与更高的负担和抑郁评分显著相关。还发现照顾者的 ZBI-22 和 PHQ-9 评分之间存在显著的线性相关性（r=0.649，p<0.001）。
男性照顾者、成年子女的父母照顾者和提供更多小时照顾的照顾者更有可能面临负担和抑郁的风险。在诊断出视力受损后，应筛查为视力受损的家庭亲属提供照顾的成年人是否存在负担和抑郁，并在必要时转介给心理健康专家。需要针对照顾者的需求进行量身定制的干预措施，以减轻负担和抑郁。
