College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China.
Eur J Med Chem. 2025 Jan 5;281:117010. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117010. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are leading platforms for in vivo delivery of gene therapies, with six licensed AAV-based therapeutics attributed to their non-pathogenic nature, low immunogenicity, and high efficiency. In the realm of gene-based vaccines, one of the most vital therapeutic areas, AAVs are also emerging as promising delivery tools. We scrutinized AAVs, focusing on their virological properties, as well as bioengineering and chemical modifications to demonstrate their significant potential in gene vaccine delivery, and detailing the preparation of AAV particles. Additionally, we summarized the use of AAV vectors in vaccines for both infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as influenza, COVID-19, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Furthermore, this review, along with the latest clinical trial updates, provides a comprehensive overview of studies on the potential of using AAV vectors for gene vaccine delivery. It aims to deepen our understanding of the challenges and limitations in nucleic acid delivery and pave the way for future clinical success.
腺相关病毒（AAV）是体内基因治疗递送的主要平台，因其非致病性、低免疫原性和高效率，已有六种基于 AAV 的治疗药物获得许可。在基因疫苗领域，AAV 作为最有前途的递送工具之一，也崭露头角。我们深入研究了 AAV，重点关注其病毒学特性，以及生物工程和化学修饰，以展示其在基因疫苗递送方面的巨大潜力，并详细介绍了 AAV 颗粒的制备方法。此外，我们总结了 AAV 载体在传染病和非传染病疫苗中的应用，如流感、COVID-19、阿尔茨海默病和癌症。此外，本综述结合最新的临床试验更新，全面概述了使用 AAV 载体进行基因疫苗递送的研究潜力。其旨在加深我们对核酸递送的挑战和限制的理解，并为未来的临床成功铺平道路。
