Bose Indira, Bethancourt Hilary J, Shamah-Levy Teresa, Mundo-Rosas Verónica, Muñoz-Espinosa Alicia, Ginsberg Talia, Kadiyala Suneetha, Frongillo Edward A, Gaitán-Rossi Pablo, Young Sera L
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2025 Feb 1;370:348-355. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.116. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Water and food insecurity often co-occur, and have independently been identified as potential risk factors for poor mental health. Their interlinkages are only just beginning to be explored; even less is known about how the relationships vary by gender. Understanding the independent associations of water and food insecurity with mental health, as well as their joint effects, can help identify which interventions might be most appropriate for improving health.
We explored how probable depression covaried with water and food insecurity using nationally representative data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2021 (ENSANUT 2021, n = 13,126). Cross-sectional data were collected on household water, food insecurity, and probable depression amongst adults. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association of water insecurity and food insecurity with moderate-to-severe probable depression, and we stratified the models by sex.
Household water insecurity was associated with higher odds of probable depression amongst women (1.37 OR, CI: 1.13-1.66) and men (1.30 OR, CI: 0.92-1.83). When controlling for household food insecurity, the association between probable depression and water insecurity was no longer important, however, household food insecurity was associated with higher odds of probable depression. Those experiencing joint water and food insecurity had the highest odds of probable depression (2.70 OR, CI: 2.13-3.40). The associations between water insecurity, food insecurity and mental health did not differ by sex.
Concurrent water and food insecurity increase the likelihood of probable depression amongst both men and women. Strategies to mitigate both resource insecurities could improve mental health.
水不安全和粮食不安全常常同时出现，并且已被独立认定为心理健康不佳的潜在风险因素。它们之间的相互联系才刚刚开始被探索；关于这些关系如何因性别而异的了解甚至更少。了解水不安全和粮食不安全与心理健康之间的独立关联以及它们的共同影响，有助于确定哪些干预措施可能最适合改善健康状况。
我们利用墨西哥2021年全国健康与营养调查（ENSANUT 2021，n = 13126）中的全国代表性数据，探讨了可能的抑郁症与水不安全和粮食不安全之间的共变关系。收集了关于家庭用水、粮食不安全以及成年人中可能的抑郁症的横断面数据。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型来检验水不安全和粮食不安全与中度至重度可能的抑郁症之间的关联，并按性别对模型进行分层。
家庭水不安全与女性（比值比1.37，置信区间：1.13 - 1.66）和男性（比值比1.30，置信区间：0.92 - 1.83）中可能的抑郁症几率较高有关。在控制家庭粮食不安全因素后，可能的抑郁症与水不安全之间的关联不再显著，然而，家庭粮食不安全与可能的抑郁症几率较高有关。同时经历水和粮食不安全的人患可能的抑郁症的几率最高（比值比2.70，置信区间：2.13 - 3.40）。水不安全、粮食不安全与心理健康之间的关联在性别上没有差异。
同时存在的水和粮食不安全会增加男性和女性患可能的抑郁症的可能性。减轻这两种资源不安全状况的策略可能会改善心理健康。
