University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Committee on Emergency Radiology-GSER.
Research Author, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2024 Nov;21(11S):S448-S463. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.08.014.
This document assesses the appropriateness of various imaging studies for acute penetrating trauma to the torso. Penetrating trauma most commonly occurs from gunshots and stabbings, although any object can impale the patient. Anatomic location, type of penetrating trauma, and hemodynamic status are among the many important factors when deciding upon if, what, and when imaging is needed to further evaluate the patient. Imaging plays a critical role in the management of these patients. CT, in particular, aids in identifying and predicting internal injuries based upon trajectory of the object. Clinical variants are distinguished by ballistic versus nonballistic injuries, hemodynamic status, and compartment of the body injured. Ballistic trauma trajectory is less predictable, and imaging recommendations are adjusted for this unpredictability. Excluded from this document are penetrating traumatic injuries to pediatric patients and specific recommendations when the genitourinary system is clinically suspected to be injured, the latter of which is more specifically discussed in other Appropriateness Criteria documents. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are documented annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer documented journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer documented literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
本文件评估了各种影像学检查在急性穿透性躯干创伤中的适宜性。穿透性创伤最常见于枪击和刺伤,但任何物体都可能刺穿患者。在决定是否需要、需要什么以及何时需要进行影像学检查以进一步评估患者时,解剖部位、穿透性创伤的类型和血流动力学状态是许多重要因素之一。影像学在这些患者的管理中起着至关重要的作用。特别是 CT 可以根据物体的轨迹帮助识别和预测内部损伤。临床变异通过弹道性与非弹道性损伤、血流动力学状态和损伤的身体部位来区分。弹道性创伤轨迹较难预测,因此调整了影像学建议以适应这种不可预测性。本文件不包括儿科患者的穿透性创伤损伤,以及当泌尿生殖系统临床怀疑受伤时的具体建议,后者在其他适宜性标准文件中更具体地讨论。美国放射学院适宜性标准是针对具体临床情况的循证指南,每年由多学科专家小组进行记录。指南的制定和修订过程支持对同行记录的期刊中的医学文献进行系统分析。既定的方法学原则,如推荐评估、制定和评估分级或 GRADE,被用于评估证据。RAND/UCLA 适宜性方法用户手册提供了用于确定特定临床情况下影像学和治疗程序适宜性的方法。在缺乏或存在争议的同行记录文献的情况下,专家可能是制定建议的主要证据来源。