Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 15;363(Pt 2):125237. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125237. Epub 2024 Nov 2.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic contaminants commonly found in drainage water from waste management facilities. Within the European Union, these facilities either treat the water locally or transfer it to wastewater treatment plants to reduce harmful emissions. However, PFAS are a broad class of compounds with varying physicochemical properties, leading to different removal efficiencies for adsorbents. Activated carbon and ion exchange resins are effective but costly, and they can become saturated with other contaminants. Therefore, this study aims to explore inexpensive, abundant alternatives for reducing PFAS concentrations in the environment. In Sweden, bark is a by-product of forestry activities, primarily used as fuel in heat and power plants. This study evaluates the ability of pine and spruce bark to remove PFAS from contaminated drainage water. Initial laboratory experiments employed liquid-to-solid ratios of 10 and 20 to assess the performance of both materials. Results indicated that pine bark exhibited better removal efficiencies, particularly when a layered column with pine bark followed by spruce bark was utilized. The overall removal efficiencies for short-chain PFAS (perfluorinated carbons: PFCA C-C and PFSA C-C) and long-chain PFAS (PFCA > C7 and PFSA > C6) were below 20%, except for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), which showed reductions of 40%-80%. The pH of the treated water decreased from 7 to 4 (pine bark) and 5 (spruce bark) after treatment. In a larger-scale trial, a combination of 50% pine bark and 50% spruce bark was tested, achieving similar reductions for PFOS. Although the removal efficiencies were insufficient for exclusive treatment, these materials may be useful in specific applications targeting long-chain PFAS or in conjunction with other treatment methods.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一种人为污染物，通常存在于废物管理设施的排水中。在欧盟，这些设施要么就地处理这些水，要么将其转移到废水处理厂以减少有害排放。然而，PFAS 是一类具有不同物理化学性质的化合物，导致吸附剂的去除效率不同。活性炭和离子交换树脂是有效的，但成本高昂，并且它们可能会被其他污染物饱和。因此，本研究旨在探索减少环境中 PFAS 浓度的廉价、丰富的替代品。在瑞典，树皮是林业活动的副产品，主要用作热电联产厂的燃料。本研究评估了松树皮和云杉皮从受污染的排水中去除 PFAS 的能力。最初的实验室实验采用了 10 和 20 的液固比来评估这两种材料的性能。结果表明，松树皮表现出更好的去除效率，特别是当使用松树皮分层柱后面跟着云杉皮分层柱时。短链 PFAS（全氟碳：PFCA C-C 和 PFSA C-C）和长链 PFAS（PFCA>C7 和 PFSA>C6）的整体去除效率低于 20%，除了全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），其去除效率为 40%-80%。处理后的水的 pH 值从 7 降至 4（松树皮）和 5（云杉皮）。在较大规模的试验中，测试了 50%松树皮和 50%云杉皮的组合，对 PFOS 也取得了类似的降低效果。尽管去除效率不足以单独处理，但这些材料可能在针对长链 PFAS 的特定应用中或与其他处理方法结合使用时有用。
