Soares Michelly Pereira, De Angelis Carolina Fernandes, Taylor Edwin W, Silva Ludmila Mendes, Montanari Beatriz Helena, Azevedo Vinicius Cavicchioli, da Costa Souza Iara, Monferrán Magdalena V, Wunderlin Daniel A, Fernandes Marisa Narciso, Leite Cléo Alcantara Costa
Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 20;957:177355. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177355. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
The metallurgy industry is a potent global source of particulate matter (PM) atmospheric emissions. A portion of this PM may settle in aquatic (SePM) carrying metal/metalloid particles and metallic nanoparticles. Surprisingly, this form of contamination has not received due attention from most environmental monitoring agencies. We analyzed the effect of exposure to SePM on shrimp post-larvae, a critical stage for the viability of shrimp populations and for the trophic chain. After acclimation, shrimp were exposed to contaminants using a randomized experimental design-a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 factors: exposure time (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and SePM concentration (0.00, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 g L). The bioaccumulation of metals, contamination rates, mortality, and ROS-related biomarkers (lipid peroxidation - LPO; DNA strand breakage DNA SB and metallothionein content - MTs;) were evaluated. After contamination, the water contained 27 different metals/metalloids. Post-larvae accumulated metals, such as Cd, Pb, Al, As, Se, Sr, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, W, and Hg. However, the rise in SePM did not result in a proportional bioaccumulation rise, indicating that effective biological barriers may work for some metals. Although the different levels of SePM changed mortality dynamics, they resulted in a similar final lethality (60-80 %). SePM caused significant damage to lipids (increased LPO), genetic material (DNA SB), and increased Mts. Such effects may reflect a particularly deleterious ecological problem as it is present at such an early stage of life. These results identified a clear environmental risk since the lower level of exposure used was 10 times lower than that measured in the habitats affected by local industry. Consequently, our results emphasize the need for clear protocols for monitoring the effects of SePM in aquatic environments.
冶金工业是全球大气颗粒物（PM）排放的一个重要来源。这些颗粒物中的一部分可能会沉降到水体中（即水体颗粒物，SePM），携带金属/类金属颗粒和金属纳米颗粒。令人惊讶的是，这种污染形式尚未得到大多数环境监测机构的应有关注。我们分析了暴露于水体颗粒物对虾幼体的影响，这是虾种群生存能力和营养链的关键阶段。适应环境后，采用随机实验设计让虾暴露于污染物中——一种4×4析因设计，有2个因素：暴露时间（24、48、72和96小时）和水体颗粒物浓度（0.00、0.01、0.10和1.00克/升）。评估了金属的生物累积、污染率、死亡率以及与活性氧相关的生物标志物（脂质过氧化——LPO；DNA链断裂——DNA SB和金属硫蛋白含量——MTs）。污染后，水体中含有27种不同的金属/类金属。幼体积累了镉、铅、铝、砷、硒、锶、锆、钡、镧、铈、钨和汞等金属。然而，水体颗粒物的增加并未导致生物累积成比例增加，这表明有效的生物屏障可能对某些金属起作用。尽管不同水平的水体颗粒物改变了死亡动态，但它们导致了相似的最终致死率（60%-80%）。水体颗粒物对脂质（LPO增加）、遗传物质（DNA SB）造成了显著损害，并使MTs增加。由于这种影响出现在生命如此早期的阶段，可能反映出一个特别有害的生态问题。这些结果明确了一种环境风险，因为所使用的较低暴露水平比受当地工业影响的栖息地中测得的水平低10倍。因此，我们的结果强调需要有明确的方案来监测水体颗粒物在水生环境中的影响。
