Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
The International Council on Clean Transportation, Fasanenstr. 85, Berlin 10623, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Nov 12;58(45):20091-20100. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07907. Epub 2024 Nov 3.
We develop a new technique called where fast response instruments located at the roadside are used to measure exhaust plumes of passing vehicles. The approach is used to generate highly disaggregated vehicle emissions information by vehicle type, which compares well with traditional vehicle emission remote sensing. Additionally, the technique provides valuable new information on ambient concentration source apportionment by vehicle type. The technique is flexible enough to consider a wide range of air pollutants and be deployed at roadside ambient monitoring locations. The new approach is used to quantify emissions and concentration source apportionment for ammonia (NH) and nitrogen oxides (NO). We find that emissions of NH are generally very well controlled from diesel vehicles including those with selective catalytic reduction systems that use NH to reduce emissions of NO. By contrast, gasoline passenger cars are shown to be the dominant contributor to NH emissions, which increase with vehicle mileage. Average fuel-specific NH emission factors for gasoline vehicles range from 0.3 to 1.2 g kg, while diesel vehicle emission factors remain below 0.06 g kg, with the exception of Euro VI buses with the latest regulatory provisions (0.5 g kg).
我们开发了一种名为路边快速响应仪器测量技术的新技术，该技术使用位于路边的快速响应仪器来测量过往车辆的尾气羽流。该方法用于根据车辆类型生成高度细化的车辆排放信息，与传统的车辆排放遥感技术相比，该方法具有很好的一致性。此外，该技术还提供了有关车辆类型对环境浓度源分配的有价值的新信息。该技术非常灵活，可以考虑广泛的空气污染物，并在路边环境监测点进行部署。该新技术用于量化氨（NH）和氮氧化物（NO）的排放和浓度源分配。我们发现，包括使用 NH 来降低 NO 排放的选择性催化还原系统的柴油车辆在内，NH 的排放通常得到很好的控制。相比之下，汽油乘用车被证明是 NH 排放的主要贡献者，随着车辆行驶里程的增加，NH 排放也会增加。汽油车的平均燃料特异性 NH 排放因子范围为 0.3 至 1.2 g kg，而柴油车的排放因子除了符合最新法规规定的欧六巴士（0.5 g kg）外，仍低于 0.06 g kg。
