Yang Rui, Lv Dongping, Liang Na, Wang Xiaoming, Li Fei, Liu Yantong, Chen Wen, Zhang Wanqi
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Research, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
J Nutr. 2025 Jan;155(1):102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.051. Epub 2024 Nov 2.
Adequate iodine status is crucial for children's health and normal development. However, there is a paucity of research on the iodine status of children from areas with high groundwater iodine content.
The objectives of this were to monitor the iodine status of children in Shandong, China (regions primarily characterized by high iodine concentrations in groundwater) and describe the factors influencing children's iodine status.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2023 on 3253 3- to 13-y-old children. We collected drinking water, spot urine, and 24-h urine samples from children to assess their iodine status [measuring drinking water iodine concentration (WIC), water iodine intake (WII), urine iodine concentration (UIC), 24-h urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE), daily iodine intake (DII), etc.], and analyzed influencing factors.
The median WIC for children was 183 (IQR: 70.2, 362) μg/L, and the median spot UIC was 428 (IQR: 194, 737) μg/L, surpassing the WHO cutoff (300 μg/L). Children at risk of iodine excess numbered 1750 (61.8%). Approximately 61% of iodine intake came from drinking water. Boys had significantly higher iodine intake than girls (P < 0.001). Children's age showed positive correlations with spot UIC, 24-h UIC, and 24-h UIE. There were no significant differences in 24-h UIC and 24-h UIE among children with different BMIs. The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of iodine excess was increased by boy gender, increment in age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), and every 10 μg (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) or 50 μg (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.22) increment in WII.
Children in areas with high groundwater iodine content are at a risk of iodine excess. As age increases, the risk of iodine excess in children rises, with boys at a higher risk than girls.
充足的碘营养状况对儿童健康和正常发育至关重要。然而，关于地下水碘含量高的地区儿童碘营养状况的研究较少。
本研究旨在监测中国山东（主要以地下水中碘浓度高为特征的地区）儿童的碘营养状况，并描述影响儿童碘营养状况的因素。
2013年至2023年对3253名3至13岁儿童进行了横断面研究。我们收集了儿童的饮用水、即时尿和24小时尿样，以评估他们的碘营养状况[测量饮用水碘浓度（WIC）、水碘摄入量（WII）、尿碘浓度（UIC）、24小时尿碘排泄量（24小时UIE）、每日碘摄入量（DII）等]，并分析影响因素。
儿童的WIC中位数为183（四分位数间距：70.2，362）μg/L，即时UIC中位数为428（四分位数间距：194，737）μg/L，超过了世界卫生组织的临界值（300μg/L）。碘摄入过量风险的儿童有1750名（61.8%）。约61%的碘摄入量来自饮用水。男孩的碘摄入量显著高于女孩（P<0.001）。儿童年龄与即时UIC、24小时UIC和24小时UIE呈正相关。不同BMI儿童的24小时UIC和24小时UIE无显著差异。逻辑回归模型显示，男性性别、年龄增长（比值比：1.05；95%置信区间：1.02，1.08）以及WII每增加10μg（比值比：1.04；95%置信区间：1.03，1.04）或50μg（比值比：1.19；95%置信区间：1.16，1.22）会增加碘摄入过量的风险。
地下水中碘含量高的地区的儿童存在碘摄入过量的风险。随着年龄的增长，儿童碘摄入过量的风险增加，男孩的风险高于女孩。
