Saddique Zohaib, Imran Muhammad, Latif Shoomaila, Javaid Ayesha, Nawaz Shahid, Zilinskaite Nemira, Franco Marcelo, Baradoke Ausra, Wojciechowska Ewa, Boczkaj Grzegorz
Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 27;349:119028. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119028.
Increasing energy demands require exploring renewable, eco-friendly (green), and cost-effective energy resources. Among various sources of biodiesel, microalgal lipids are an excellent resource, owing to their high abundance in microalgal biomass. Transesterification catalyzed by advanced materials, especially nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is a revolutionary process for overcoming the energy crisis. This review elaborates on the conversion of microalgal lipids (including genetically modified algae) into biodiesel while primarily focusing on the transesterification of lipids into biodiesel by employing catalysts based on above mentioned advanced materials. Furthermore, current challenges faced by this process for industrial scale upgradation are presented with future perspectives and concluding remarks. These materials offer higher conversion (>90%) of microalgae into biodiesel. Nanocatalytic processes, lack the need for higher pressure and temperature, which simplifies the overall process for industrial-scale application. Green biodiesel production from microalgae offers better fuel than fossil fuels in terms of performance, quality, and less environmental harm. The chemical and thermal stability of advanced materials (particularly MOFs) is the main benefit of the blue recycling of catalysts. Advanced materials-based catalysts are reported to reduce the risk of biodiesel contamination. While purity of glycerin as side product makes it useful skin-related product. However, these aspects should still be controlled in future studies. Further studies should relate to additional aspects of green production, including waste management strategies and quality control of obtained products. Finally, catalysts stability and recycling aspects should be explored.
不断增长的能源需求要求探索可再生、环保（绿色）且具有成本效益的能源资源。在各种生物柴油来源中，微藻脂质是一种优质资源，这得益于其在微藻生物质中的高含量。由先进材料，特别是纳米材料和金属有机框架（MOF）催化的酯交换反应，是克服能源危机的一项革命性工艺。本综述阐述了微藻脂质（包括转基因藻类）转化为生物柴油的过程，同时主要关注通过使用基于上述先进材料的催化剂将脂质酯交换为生物柴油的过程。此外，还介绍了该工艺在工业规模升级方面目前面临的挑战以及未来展望和总结。这些材料能使微藻转化为生物柴油的转化率更高（>90%）。纳米催化过程无需高压和高温，这简化了工业规模应用的整体工艺。从微藻生产绿色生物柴油在性能、质量和对环境危害较小方面比化石燃料提供了更好的燃料。先进材料（特别是MOF）的化学和热稳定性是催化剂蓝色循环利用的主要优势。据报道，基于先进材料的催化剂可降低生物柴油污染风险。而作为副产品的甘油纯度使其成为有用的皮肤相关产品。然而，这些方面在未来研究中仍应加以控制。进一步的研究应涉及绿色生产的其他方面，包括废物管理策略和所得产品的质量控制。最后，应探索催化剂的稳定性和循环利用方面。
