Sharifi Maryam, Tangestaninejad Shahram, Moghadam Majid, Marandi Afsaneh, Mirkhani Valiollah, Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj, Aghayani Sahar
Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 29;15(1):3610. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87393-x.
Biodiesel presents a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, yet traditional homogeneous catalysts like sodium and potassium hydroxide face challenges with separation and reuse. Calcium oxide (CaO) is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, but its chemical instability under reaction conditions restricts its long-term performance. This study introduces MOF-mediated synthesis (MOFMS) of heterogeneous catalysts, specifically CaO@ZnO and ZnO@CaO nanocomposites, from inexpensive and non-toxic metal salts and linkers in water. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, BET, FE-SEM, ICP, and CO-TPD, were employed to analyze these catalysts. When applied to biodiesel production from soybean oil at ambient temperature and pressure, CaO@ZnO and ZnO@CaO achieved impressive biodiesel conversion rates of 99% and 92%, respectively, within 25 min. Both catalysts maintained their activity over six utilization cycles, with Ca²⁺ leaching remaining below 4% (2% for CaO@ZnO and 4% for ZnO@CaO) after the sixth run. These results provide valuable insights into catalyst preparation and leaching control, enhancing reusability in biodiesel production. Future research should aim to improve the long-term stability and reusability of these catalysts, investigate their performance with various feedstocks, and evaluate the feasibility for industrial applications.
生物柴油是化石燃料的一种可持续替代品，但传统的均相催化剂如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾在分离和再利用方面面临挑战。氧化钙（CaO）是一种用于生物柴油生产的有效多相催化剂，但其在反应条件下的化学不稳定性限制了其长期性能。本研究介绍了通过金属有机框架介导合成法（MOFMS）从水中廉价且无毒的金属盐和连接体合成多相催化剂，特别是CaO@ZnO和ZnO@CaO纳米复合材料。采用了包括XRD、FT-IR、BET、FE-SEM、ICP和CO-TPD在内的综合表征技术来分析这些催化剂。当在室温和常压下用于从大豆油生产生物柴油时，CaO@ZnO和ZnO@CaO在25分钟内分别实现了令人印象深刻的99%和92%的生物柴油转化率。两种催化剂在六个使用循环中都保持了活性，第六次运行后Ca²⁺浸出率保持在4%以下（CaO@ZnO为2%，ZnO@CaO为4%）。这些结果为催化剂制备和浸出控制提供了有价值的见解，提高了生物柴油生产中的可再利用性。未来的研究应旨在提高这些催化剂的长期稳定性和可再利用性，研究它们对各种原料的性能，并评估工业应用的可行性。
