Meng Christopher R, Walts Cory T, Ryan Laurence J, Stearne David J, Clark Kenneth P
Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA.
Department of Athletics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Nov 4:1-14. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2423281.
We investigated spatiotemporal kinematics during top speed sprinting and biomechanical running strategies in 98 male intercollegiate athletes from a range of athletic backgrounds in track and field (TF, = 28) and team sports (TS, = 70). Participants completed 40 m running trials with sagittal plane motion analyses of high-speed video captured from 30 m to 40 m. Across the entire sample, measures of contact time, step rate, step length, flight length and duty factor (ratio of contact duration to stride duration) were meaningfully correlated with top speed ( < 0.05, 0.51 ≤ | or ρ| ≤ 0.78). Flight time and contact length were weakly correlated with top speed ( < 0.05, 0.27 ≤ | or ρ| ≤ 0.34). When comparing sub-groups of Slow TF ( = 14) and Fast TS athletes ( = 22) with similar top speeds (~9.3 m/s), Fast TS athletes clearly demonstrated a more ground-based strategy, with longer ground contact times and contact lengths, shorter flight times and flight lengths, and larger duty factors. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that existing technical models and normative metrics based on data from TF athletes could require modification when evaluating and coaching sprinting performance with TS athletes.
我们调查了98名来自不同田径（TF，n = 28）和团队运动（TS，n = 70）运动背景的男性大学生运动员在最高速度冲刺时的时空运动学和生物力学跑步策略。参与者完成了40米跑步试验，并对从30米到40米捕捉的高速视频进行矢状面运动分析。在整个样本中，接触时间、步频、步长、腾空长度和负荷因子（接触持续时间与步幅持续时间的比率）的测量值与最高速度显著相关（p < 0.05，0.51 ≤ |r| 或 |ρ| ≤ 0.78）。腾空时间和接触长度与最高速度的相关性较弱（p < 0.05，0.27 ≤ |r| 或 |ρ| ≤ 0.34）。当比较最高速度相似（约9.3米/秒）的慢速TF组（n = 14）和快速TS组运动员（n = 22）时，快速TS组运动员明显表现出更多基于地面的策略，即更长的地面接触时间和接触长度、更短的腾空时间和腾空长度以及更大的负荷因子。因此，本研究结果表明，在评估和指导TS组运动员的短跑表现时，基于TF组运动员数据的现有技术模型和规范指标可能需要修改。
