Extrasellar prolactinomas: successful management of 24 patients using bromocriptine.

24 patients with an extrasellar prolactinoma (mean prolactin 4,722 ng/ml), 8 of whom had previously had surgery, received 5-40 mg bromocriptine daily for 13-252 weeks. The mean prolactin level had fallen 89% at 2 days, 95% at 6 weeks, and 15 patients achieved normal values. Tumor shrinkage occurred in all 9 patients rescanned within 2 weeks and later was documented in 23; in 18 the extrasellar tumour disappeared. 12 patients had visual abnormalities; 7, including 2 who had been completely blind, improved within 1 week. 2 patients had normal prolactin levels after withdrawal of bromocriptine, 1 following radiotherapy and the other during two uncomplicated pregnancies. Bromocriptine is safe and effective. We conclude that medical treatment should always precede surgery unless pituitary apoplexy causes sudden deterioration of vision. Most patients will subsequently require radiotherapy or surgery for permanent cure.