Reijonen Johanna Kristiina, Tihtonen Kati Maaria Hannele, Luukkaala Tiina Hannele, Uotila Jukka Tapio
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services county of Pirkanmaa, Finland.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2024 Oct 9;24:100345. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.2024.100345. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular. Our aim was to evaluate the association of a vegetarian diet with pregnancy, labor, and newborn's outcome.
This retrospective case-control study included 150 women on a vegetarian diet and 300 omnivores. The data were collected from Tampere University Hospital pregnancy database from January 2015 to April 2021. Diet was a self-reported variable. Outcomes of interest were compared between the groups. The frequency of small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns and low birth weight were primary outcomes. Other parameters concerning pregnancy, labor, and newborn served as secondary outcomes.
The rate of SGA at the 10 % cutoff was lower in the vegetarian group. Based on a definition of two standard deviations, SGA did not differ between the vegetarian diet group and the control group. The median birthweight was significantly higher in the vegetarian group. Gestational diabetes (GDM) was more common in the vegetarian group, however the numbers of large for gestational age (LGA) newborns were comparable between the study groups. Labor induction was more common, and the second stage of labor was longer in the vegetarian group. Preterm births (< 32 and < 37 gestational weeks) were more common in the control group. No differences were found in the mean umbilical artery pH value, 1- and 5- minutes Apgar scores or the number of newborns transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal ward. The proportions of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy did not differ between the groups.
According to our results, a vegetarian diet may be considered safe during pregnancy. It was not associated with an increased risk of pregnancy- or neonatal complications.
素食饮食越来越受欢迎。我们的目的是评估素食饮食与妊娠、分娩及新生儿结局之间的关联。
这项回顾性病例对照研究纳入了150名素食女性和300名杂食女性。数据收集自坦佩雷大学医院2015年1月至2021年4月的妊娠数据库。饮食是自我报告的变量。比较两组之间感兴趣的结局。小于胎龄儿（SGA）新生儿的发生率和低出生体重是主要结局。其他有关妊娠、分娩和新生儿的参数作为次要结局。
在10%临界值时，素食组的SGA发生率较低。根据两个标准差的定义，素食饮食组和对照组之间的SGA无差异。素食组的出生体重中位数显著更高。素食组妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）更常见，然而，两组之间大于胎龄儿（LGA）新生儿的数量相当。引产在素食组更常见，且素食组第二产程更长。对照组早产（<32孕周和<37孕周）更常见。两组之间在平均脐动脉pH值、1分钟和5分钟阿氏评分或转入新生儿重症监护病房和新生儿病房的新生儿数量方面未发现差异。两组之间妊娠期高血压疾病的比例无差异。
根据我们的结果，孕期素食饮食可能被认为是安全的。它与妊娠或新生儿并发症风险增加无关。
