Malmquist Anna, Klittmark Sofia, Lehnberg Nathalie, Nieminen Katri, Grundström Hanna
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Norrköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2024 Nov 4:1-14. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2424921.
Birth complications increase the risk of birth injuries and neonatal complications, as well as the risk of experiencing childbirth as a trauma. This, in turn, increases the risk of postpartum mental ill-health and may affect early bonding with the baby. Birth complications add additional stress on lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (LBTQ) parents, as they also must navigate hetero- and cisnormative assumptions, being subject to othering, and negative attitudes from healthcare staff.
To explore LBTQ parents' experiences of bonding with their child following a complicated birth.
Semi-structured interviews with 22 birthing and non-birthing parents. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.
The results describe obstructive and facilitating factors. Being traumatised was the main obstacle for mentally engaging with the baby. A focus on physical injuries and healing hindered caretaking and bonding for birthing parents. Stress related to their parental role was obstructive for some non-birthing parents, who struggled to find space to process their own experiences when the partner and/or child was not well. Other non-birthing parents experienced a head start in the bonding process when their partner was injured. Some birthing parents had positive bonding experiences despite the birth complications, as they felt an alliance with their child in the harsh situation.
Complicated births and minority stressors can increase the risk of bonding difficulties and mental ill-health. Tailored, LBTQ-competent care is essential to support both birthing and non-birthing parents in overcoming these challenges.
分娩并发症会增加出生损伤和新生儿并发症的风险，以及将分娩体验为创伤的风险。这反过来又会增加产后心理健康问题的风险，并可能影响与婴儿的早期亲密关系。分娩并发症给女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和酷儿（LBTQ）父母带来了额外的压力，因为他们还必须应对异性恋和顺性别规范的假设，受到他人的区别对待，以及医护人员的负面态度。
探讨LBTQ父母在复杂分娩后与孩子建立亲密关系的经历。
对22位分娩父母和非分娩父母进行半结构化访谈。访谈进行录音、转录，并采用主题分析法进行分析。
结果描述了阻碍因素和促进因素。受到创伤是与婴儿建立心理联系的主要障碍。专注于身体损伤和康复阻碍了分娩父母的照顾和亲密关系建立。与父母角色相关的压力对一些非分娩父母来说是阻碍因素，当伴侣和/或孩子身体不适时，他们难以找到空间来处理自己的经历。其他非分娩父母在伴侣受伤时，在亲密关系建立过程中获得了先机。一些分娩父母尽管有分娩并发症，但仍有积极的亲密关系体验，因为他们在艰难处境中与孩子产生了一种联结感。
复杂分娩和少数群体压力源会增加亲密关系困难和心理健康问题的风险。提供有针对性的、具备LBTQ专业能力的护理对于支持分娩父母和非分娩父母克服这些挑战至关重要。
