Kapoor Shreya, Gupta Muskan, Sapra Leena, Kaur Taranjeet, Srivastava Rupesh K
Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
Bone Rep. 2024 Oct 10;23:101809. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101809. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Emerging insights in osteoimmunology have enabled researchers to explore in depth the role of immune modulation in regulating bone health. Bone is one of the common sites of metastasis notably in case of breast cancer, prostate cancer and several other cancer types. High calcium ion concentration and presence of several factors within the mineralized bone matrix including TGF-β, BMP etc., aid in tumor growth and proliferation. Accumulating evidence has substantiated the role of the gut-microbiota (GM) in tumorigenesis, further providing a strong impetus for the growing "immune-cancer-gut microbiota" relationship. Recent advancements in research further highlight the importance of the intra-tumor microbiota in conjunction with GM in cancer metastasis. Intratumoral microbiota owing to their ability to cause genetic instability, mutations, and epigenetic modifications within the tumor microenvironment, has been recognized to affect cancer cell physiology. The host microbiota and immune system crosstalk shapes the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which is the key player in cancer progression. In this review, we aim to decipher the role of microorganisms mediating bone metastasis by shedding light on the immuno-onco-microbiome (IOM) axis. We discussed the feasible cancer therapeutic interventions based on the modulation of the microbiome-immune cell axis which includes prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Here, we leverage the conceptual framework based on the published articles on microbiota-based therapies to target bone metastases. Understanding this complicated nexus will provide insights into fundamental factors governing bone metastases which will subsequently help in managing this malignancy with better efficacy.
骨免疫学领域的新见解使研究人员能够深入探讨免疫调节在调节骨骼健康中的作用。骨是转移的常见部位之一，尤其是在乳腺癌、前列腺癌和其他几种癌症类型中。高钙离子浓度以及矿化骨基质中包括转化生长因子-β、骨形态发生蛋白等在内的多种因子的存在，有助于肿瘤的生长和增殖。越来越多的证据证实了肠道微生物群（GM）在肿瘤发生中的作用，进一步为日益增长的“免疫-癌症-肠道微生物群”关系提供了强大动力。研究的最新进展进一步突出了肿瘤内微生物群与GM在癌症转移中的重要性。肿瘤内微生物群由于其能够在肿瘤微环境中导致基因不稳定、突变和表观遗传修饰，已被认为会影响癌细胞生理学。宿主微生物群与免疫系统的相互作用塑造了免疫系统的固有和适应性分支，而免疫系统是癌症进展的关键因素。在这篇综述中，我们旨在通过阐明免疫肿瘤微生物组（IOM）轴来解读微生物介导骨转移的作用。我们讨论了基于调节微生物群-免疫细胞轴的可行癌症治疗干预措施，包括益生元、益生菌和后生元。在这里，我们利用基于已发表的关于基于微生物群疗法的文章的概念框架来靶向骨转移。了解这一复杂的联系将为控制骨转移的基本因素提供见解，这随后将有助于更有效地治疗这种恶性肿瘤。
