Gerber Markus, Filippou Konstantinia, Knappe Florian, Morres Ioannis D, Tzormpatzakis Emmanouil, Havas Elsa, Seelig Harald, Colledge Flora, Ludyga Sebastian, Meier Marianne, Theodorakis Yannis, von Känel Roland, Pühse Uwe, Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Oct 21;6:1334230. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1334230. eCollection 2024.
Refugees may have an increased risk of developing overweight/obesity as they often experience a nutritional transition. Because maintaining good cardiorespiratory fitness can help reduce the negative impact of excess weight on overall health, the objective of this study was to examine whether fitness moderates the relationship between weight status and cardiovascular and mental health outcomes in forcibly displaced individuals living in a Greek refugee camp.
A sample of 142 forcibly displaced individuals were recruited. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the submaximal Åstrand-Rhyming bicycle ergometer test. Blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and hs-CRP were assessed as physical health outcomes, whereas post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms, pain, and quality of life were assessed as mental health outcomes. Main and interaction effects were tested via analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs).
Almost 50% of the participants were overweight/obese, more than 60% presented with very poor fitness levels, and the percentage of participants with very poor fitness levels was particularly high among overweight/obese participants. Whereas overweight/obesity was associated with a less favorable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile, poor fitness was associated with a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of muscle mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the relationship between overweight/obesity and most of the assessed health outcomes.
Only limited support was found for the applicability of the fit-but-fat concept to our population of forcibly displaced individuals. Public health services should prioritize measures to prevent overweight/obesity and associated diseases in refugee camps. Moreover, efforts are needed to improve the fitness of camp residents via exercise/sport interventions.
难民由于经常经历营养转变，超重/肥胖的风险可能会增加。由于保持良好的心肺适能有助于减少超重对整体健康的负面影响，本研究的目的是检验适能是否会缓和居住在希腊难民营中的被迫流离失所者的体重状况与心血管及心理健康结果之间的关系。
招募了142名被迫流离失所者作为样本。采用次极量阿斯兰德-赖明踏车测力计测试评估心肺适能。将血压、血脂、血糖和超敏C反应蛋白作为身体健康结果进行评估，而将创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和焦虑症状、疼痛及生活质量作为心理健康结果进行评估。通过协方差分析（ANCOVA）检验主要效应和交互效应。
近50%的参与者超重/肥胖，超过60%的参与者适能水平极差，且在超重/肥胖参与者中，适能水平极差的参与者比例尤其高。超重/肥胖与较差的身体成分和心血管风险状况相关，而适能差与较高的体脂百分比和较低的肌肉质量百分比相关。心肺适能并未缓和超重/肥胖与大多数评估的健康结果之间的关系。
仅找到有限的证据支持“健康但肥胖”概念适用于我们的被迫流离失所者群体。公共卫生服务应优先采取措施预防难民营中的超重/肥胖及相关疾病。此外，需要通过运动/体育干预来提高难民营居民的适能水平。
