Breeuwer M, Plomp R
J Acoust Soc Am. 1986 Feb;79(2):481-99. doi: 10.1121/1.393536.
Results are reported from two experiments in which the benefit of supplementing speechreading with auditorily presented information about the speech signal was investigated. In experiment I, speechreading was supplemented with information about the prosody of the speech signal. For ten normal-hearing subjects with no experience in speechreading, the intelligibility score for sentences increased significantly when speechreading was supplemented with information about the overall amplitude of the speech signal, information about the fundamental frequency, or both. Binary information about voicing appeared not to be a significant supplement. In experiment II, the best-scoring supplements of experiment I were compared with two supplementary signals from our previous studies, i.e., information about the sound-pressure levels in two 1-oct filter bands centered at 500 and 3160 Hz, or information about the frequencies of the first and second formants from voiced speech segments. Sentence-intelligibility scores were measured for 24 normal-hearing subjects with no experience in speechreading, and for 12 normal-hearing experienced speechreaders. For the inexperienced speechreaders, the sound-pressure levels appeared to be the best supplement (87.1% correct syllables). For the experienced speechreaders, the formant-frequency information (88.6% correct), and the fundamental-frequency plus amplitude information (86.0% correct), were equally efficient supplements as the sound-pressure information (86.1% correct). Discrimination of phonemes (both consonants and vowels) was measured for the group of 24 inexperienced speechreaders. Percentage correct responses, confusion among phonemes, and the percentage of transmitted information about different types of manner and place of articulation and about the feature voicing are presented.
本文报告了两项实验的结果，这两项实验旨在研究通过听觉呈现语音信号信息来辅助唇读的益处。在实验一中，唇读被语音信号的韵律信息所辅助。对于10名没有唇读经验的听力正常受试者，当唇读被语音信号的整体幅度信息、基频信息或两者同时辅助时，句子的可懂度得分显著提高。关于浊音的二元信息似乎不是一个显著的辅助因素。在实验二中，将实验一中得分最高的辅助信息与我们之前研究中的两个辅助信号进行了比较，即关于以500和3160赫兹为中心的两个1倍频程滤波器频带中的声压级信息，或关于浊音语音段的第一和第二共振峰频率的信息。对24名没有唇读经验的听力正常受试者和12名有唇读经验的听力正常受试者测量了句子可懂度得分。对于没有经验的唇读者，声压级似乎是最好的辅助信息（音节正确率为87.1%）。对于有经验的唇读者，共振峰频率信息（正确率为88.6%）和基频加幅度信息（正确率为86.0%）与声压信息（正确率为86.1%）同样有效。对24名没有经验的唇读者群体进行了音素（辅音和元音）辨别测试。给出了正确反应的百分比、音素之间的混淆情况，以及关于不同发音方式和发音部位类型以及浊音特征的传输信息百分比。
