The Effect of Levels of Leisure-Time Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions Among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Analysis.

One dementia prevention strategy that is effective for older adults is frequent participation in leisure time physical activity. However, research gaps exist in our understanding of the longitudinal relationship between different levels of leisure time physical activity participation and the cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Thus, we investigated this relationship using Health and Retirement Study data from 2012 to 2020. Results from Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance indicated that both the mid (Mean Difference = -0.45) and high level (Mean Difference = -0.82) leisure time physical activity groups showed higher levels of memory function compared to the low-level leisure time physical activity group. Additionally, the mid (Mean Difference = -0.21) and high level (Mean Difference = -0.37) leisure time physical activity groups reported better working memory function, and the mid (Mean Difference = -0.02) and high level (Mean Difference = -0.02) leisure time physical activity groups showed higher levels of attention and processing speed than the low-level leisure time physical activity group. These findings suggest that older adults with mild cognitive impairment who engage either vigorously or moderately in leisure time physical activity (more than three times a week) experience improvements in cognitive function compared to those who do not. This study provides valuable insights for clinicians on the optimal level of leisure time physical activity required to mitigate cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.