Paskewitz Jeffrey, Breidenbach Fred, Malloy Philip, Eckrich P Michael, Zarzycki Ryan
Physical Therapy Arcadia University.
Physical Therapy University of Delaware.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Nov 2;19(11):1439-1446. doi: 10.26603/001c.124447. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. Few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder strength and passive range of motion (ROM) with arm pain (either shoulder or elbow pain) during throwing, especially in athletes in early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and strength and the presence of arm pain during throwing in youth baseball players. It was hypothesized that less internal rotation (IR) ROM, less total rotational ROM, and lower IR and external rotation (ER) strength would be associated with arm pain.
Observational cohort study.
Sixty-five youth male baseball players between the ages of 12-15 were enrolled. Shoulder strength (ER, IR, ER/IR strength ratio, scaption) and passive ROM (ER, IR, flexion, horizontal adduction) were collected prior to the start of the spring 2021 baseball season. Players self-reported their arm pain frequency during throwing as never, rarely, sometimes, often, or always. The relationship between reported arm pain frequency during throwing and shoulder ROM and strength measurements was examined.
ER (ρ= -0.289, p=0.020) and IR strength (ρ= -0.262, p=0.035) were weakly and negatively correlated with reports of arm pain during throwing. No other clinical variables were associated with reports of arm pain (p ≥ 0.124).
In youth baseball players, greater IR and ER strength were associated with less arm pain frequency during throwing, while ROM was not associated with arm pain frequency. Future research should explore these variables prospectively to determine if changes in ROM and strength are related to the development of arm pain in youth baseball players.
青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发生率很高，约有一半的人在赛季中报告有手臂疼痛，并且青少年棒球运动员尺侧副韧带重建的数量也在增加。很少有研究探讨肩部力量和被动活动范围（ROM）与投掷过程中手臂疼痛（肩部或肘部疼痛）之间的关系，尤其是在青春期早期的运动员中。本研究的目的是确定青少年棒球运动员肩部ROM和力量与投掷过程中手臂疼痛之间的关系。研究假设内旋（IR）ROM减小、总旋转ROM减小以及IR和外旋（ER）力量降低与手臂疼痛有关。
观察性队列研究。
招募了65名年龄在12至15岁之间的青少年男性棒球运动员。在2021年春季棒球赛季开始前收集肩部力量（ER、IR、ER/IR力量比、前锯肌）和被动ROM（ER、IR、屈曲、水平内收）。球员自行报告他们在投掷过程中手臂疼痛的频率，分为从不、很少、有时、经常或总是。研究了报告的投掷过程中手臂疼痛频率与肩部ROM和力量测量值之间的关系。
ER（ρ = -0.289，p = 0.020）和IR力量（ρ = -0.262，p = 0.035）与投掷过程中手臂疼痛的报告呈弱负相关。没有其他临床变量与手臂疼痛的报告相关（p≥0.124）。
在青少年棒球运动员中，更大的IR和ER力量与投掷过程中手臂疼痛频率较低有关，而ROM与手臂疼痛频率无关。未来的研究应前瞻性地探索这些变量，以确定ROM和力量的变化是否与青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发展有关。
3级。
