Guy Cameron R, Zeppieri Giorgio, Bruner Michelle L, Davis Katie, Farmer Kevin W
University of Florida.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Dec 1;16(6):1492-1503. doi: 10.26603/001c.29515. eCollection 2021.
Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players.
The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players.
Descriptive Cohort Study.
Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation [ER], internal rotation [IR], total arc of motion [TAM]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints.
Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p<0.05).
Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced.
关于棒球运动员肩部和髋部的力量及活动度已经开展了许多研究，但针对垒球运动员这些指标的研究较少。
本研究的目的是观察和分析在一个竞技赛季过程中髋部和肩部活动范围（ROM）及力量的变化，通过左右对比描述健康大学垒球运动员季前赛时髋部和肩部的ROM及力量，并比较投手和内场手之间的测量结果。
描述性队列研究。
在六个赛季期间收集数据，纳入了总共54名完成了至少一组季前赛和季后赛测量的健康垒球运动员（包括投手和内场手）。受试者在季前赛和季后赛时间点接受被动ROM（外旋[ER]、内旋[IR]、总活动弧度[TAM]）和力量（肩部的ER/IR、髋部的外展/伸展）测量。
在一个赛季中，内场手双肩上所有ROM指标（除优势侧IR外）均增加，且双侧肩部的ER力量下降（p<0.05）。他们双髋部所有指标的ROM也下降（p<0.05）。投手优势肩的IR和TAM ROM增加，双肩力量下降（ER投球；ER和IR非投球），双髋部ROM下降，非优势髋的外展力量下降（p<0.05）。与非优势侧IR相比，内场手优势肩的季前赛IR较小（优势侧：31.7±1.6°，非优势侧：37.0±2.3°；p<0.05）。
在一个赛季过程中，垒球投手和内场手肩部的ROM均增加，髋部的ROM均下降。内场手在投掷肩表现出与棒球运动员类似的左右差异和季节性变化。投手优势肩的季前赛活动度在赛季中增加，而非优势侧髋部外展力量下降。
3级。
