Grover Sandeep, Laxmi Raj
Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;66(9):767-787. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_467_24. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
There is a lack of comprehensive data sources on various rating instruments that have been developed, translated, and adapted in Indian context.
Accordinly, this review aimed to compile the available scales/questionnaires/instruments developed, adapted, and translated for use in India.
For this, the search engines like PUBMED, Google Scholar, MedKnow, and Science Direct were searched for scales that have been developed, translated, and adapted in Indian context or an Indian language. Only articles reporting a scale/questionnaire development/interview schedules from India or in an Indian language were included.
Available data suggests that most of the instruments that have been translated in the Indian context have been done so in Hindi language. Very few instruments are available in other languages. The scales/instruments that are available in multiple languages include Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Edinburgh postnatal depression, Epworth sleepiness scale to evaluate daytime sleepiness, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Recovery quality of life, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref version, Subjective happiness scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI), COVID-19 stigma scale, Dyadic adjustment scale, Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Rosenzweig picture frustration study (Children's form). Overall, very few instruments have been developed in India.
To conclude, our review suggests that a limited number of scales have been developed in India and in terms of translation and adaptation, most of these have been done in Hindi only. Keeping these points in mind, there is a need to develop more psychometrically sound scales for research and routine clinical practice. Additionally, efforts must be made to translate and adapt scales available in different languages and subject the same to psychometric evaluations.
在印度背景下，缺乏关于已开发、翻译和改编的各种评定工具的全面数据源。
因此，本综述旨在汇编已开发、改编和翻译以供印度使用的现有量表/问卷/工具。
为此，在诸如PUBMED、谷歌学术、MedKnow和科学Direct等搜索引擎中搜索在印度背景下或印度语言中开发、翻译和改编的量表。仅纳入报告来自印度或以印度语言进行的量表/问卷开发/访谈时间表的文章。
现有数据表明，在印度背景下翻译的大多数工具都是用印地语完成的。其他语言的工具非常少。有多种语言版本的量表/工具包括迷你国际神经精神访谈（MINI）、一般健康问卷（GHQ）、患者健康问卷（PHQ）、蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）、老年抑郁量表（GDS）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、用于评估日间嗜睡的埃普沃思嗜睡量表、哥伦比亚自杀严重程度评定量表（C-SSRS）、康复生活质量量表、世界卫生组织生活质量简表、主观幸福感量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、感知压力量表（PSS）、多维感知社会支持量表（MSPSS）、精神疾病内化耻辱感量表（ISMI）、新冠疫情耻辱感量表、二元调适量表、广泛自闭症表型问卷（BAPQ）、长处与困难问卷（SDQ）以及罗森茨韦格图片挫折研究（儿童版）。总体而言，印度开发的工具非常少。
总之，我们的综述表明，印度开发的量表数量有限，在翻译和改编方面，其中大多数仅用印地语完成。考虑到这些要点，需要为研究和常规临床实践开发更多心理测量学上可靠的量表。此外，必须努力翻译和改编不同语言的量表，并对其进行心理测量学评估。
