Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Oct 22;12:1421173. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421173. eCollection 2024.
The early years of life are critical for gross motor development (GMD). This study utilized decision tree modeling to examine the influences on gross motor development in children under the age of 3 years and to rank the key factors affecting their development.
Based on randomized stratified sampling, 9,507 children aged 0-3 years in Shenzhen were included in this study. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were utilized for the assessment of gross motor development. The chi-square test was used to compare groups, and variables were screened using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Decision tree modeling was employed to rank the importance of statistically significant variables.
The research found a prevalence of gross motor developmental delay of 1.41% among the respondents. The accuracy of the decision tree model is 70.96%. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between seven variables affecting the gross motor development of children, which were ranked based on importance: age, whether to provide supplementary food, average time spent interacting with children, family type, feeding method, mode of delivery, and birth order.
The risk of gross motor developmental delay increases with age. Furthermore, supplementary food and interacting with other children are critical factors in improving children's GMD delay. It is therefore imperative to enhance the monitoring of children's gross motor skills through regular developmental assessments that detect potential GMD delays. Moreover, family type, feeding method, mode of delivery, and birth order were also predictive factors of GMD delay.
生命的早期阶段对粗大运动发育（GMD）至关重要。本研究利用决策树模型来研究 3 岁以下儿童粗大运动发育的影响因素，并对影响其发育的关键因素进行排序。
基于随机分层抽样，本研究纳入了 9507 名 0-3 岁的深圳儿童。使用《年龄与阶段问卷》（ASQ）评估粗大运动发育情况。采用卡方检验比较组间差异，采用单变量和多变量回归分析筛选变量。利用决策树模型对有统计学意义的变量进行重要性排序。
研究发现，受访者中粗大运动发育迟缓的患病率为 1.41%。决策树模型的准确率为 70.96%。研究结果表明，影响儿童粗大运动发育的七个变量之间存在很强的相关性，根据重要性进行排序为：年龄、是否提供补充食物、与儿童互动的平均时间、家庭类型、喂养方式、分娩方式和出生顺序。
粗大运动发育迟缓的风险随年龄增长而增加。此外，补充食物和与其他儿童互动是改善儿童粗大运动发育迟缓的关键因素。因此，必须通过定期的发育评估来加强对儿童粗大运动技能的监测，以发现潜在的粗大运动发育迟缓。此外，家庭类型、喂养方式、分娩方式和出生顺序也是粗大运动发育迟缓的预测因素。
