Shi Huiyu, Zhang Naifeng, Tu Yan, Yun Yanhong, Diao Qiyu, Ma Tao
Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Animal Science, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Oct 22;11:1447321. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1447321. eCollection 2024.
The Hainan Dong goat (DG) is a local meat breed widely raised in Hainan, China because of its good adaptability to local hot and humid weather. However, the growth rate of these DG is much slower than that of commercialised breeds improved in European countries, resulting in poor carcase characteristics, including smaller slaughter weight and carcase weight, which have become increasingly prominent. In recent decades, Nubian goats have been continuously imported into China to improve the production performance of local breeds.
In this study, the effects of breed on growth performance, carcase and meat quality, and ruminal microbiota were analysed in 40 goats, including 20 DGs and 20 hybrid F3 offspring generated by crossing the DG and Nubian hybrids (NH). All the goats were averagely aged 90 days and weighed at 11 ± 1.34 kg. They were assigned to two treatments, with three replicates per treatment. The two groups were fed the same diet for 90 days before slaughter.
The results showed that the average daily gain, F/G ratio, slaughter weight, and carcase weight of the NH group were higher than those of the DG group ( < 0.05). However, tube circumference, meat-to-bone ratio, and eye muscle pH were lower in the NH group than in the DG group ( < 0.05). The NH group showed a smaller fibre crosssectional area and fibre diameter, but a larger fibre density than the DG group ( < 0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla in the two groups; however, the two breeds had different ruminal microbial communities.
In the present study, the differences in growth performance between two groups of goats under the same feeding environment and feed conditions were compared. The correlation between feed sources and rumen flora has been demonstrated, and the results of this study show that the same diet has similar effects on rumen microorganisms, which in turn have related effects on growth and production performance.
In summary, hybrids can improve the growth and slaughter performance of local breeds, which may be related to changes in the rumen microorganisms. This study revealed that crossbreeding of Nubian goats with Dong goats has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications owing to its effectiveness in increasing production efficiency.
海南东山羊（DG）是一种当地肉用品种，因其对当地炎热潮湿气候具有良好的适应性而在中国海南广泛养殖。然而，这些东山羊的生长速度比欧洲国家改良的商业化品种慢得多，导致屠体特性较差，包括屠宰体重和胴体重较小，这些问题日益突出。近几十年来，努比亚山羊不断被引入中国以提高当地品种的生产性能。
在本研究中，对40只山羊进行了品种对生长性能、胴体和肉质以及瘤胃微生物群影响的分析，其中包括20只东山羊和20只由东山羊与努比亚杂交种（NH）杂交产生的杂交F3后代。所有山羊平均年龄为90天，体重为11±1.34千克。它们被分为两个处理组，每个处理组有三个重复。两组在屠宰前90天饲喂相同的日粮。
结果表明，NH组的平均日增重、料重比、屠宰体重和胴体重均高于DG组（P<0.05）。然而，NH组的管围、肉骨比和眼肌pH值低于DG组（P<0.05）。NH组的纤维横截面积和纤维直径较小，但纤维密度比DG组大（P<0.05）。拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门是两组中最主要的门类；然而，两个品种的瘤胃微生物群落不同。
在本研究中，比较了在相同饲养环境和饲料条件下两组山羊生长性能的差异。已证明饲料来源与瘤胃菌群之间的相关性，本研究结果表明相同的日粮对瘤胃微生物有相似的影响，进而对生长和生产性能有相关影响。
综上所述，杂交种可以提高当地品种的生长和屠宰性能，这可能与瘤胃微生物的变化有关。本研究表明，努比亚山羊与东山羊杂交因其在提高生产效率方面的有效性而具有广泛应用的潜力。
