University of California, Davis, Chile, Life Sciences Innovation Center, Global Affairs, Avenida Santa María, 2670 of 206, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
Cámara de Comercio de Lambayeque, María Izaga, 035, Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Perú.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2024 Nov 4;96(suppl 3):e20231397. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231397. eCollection 2024.
The growing demand for honey bee pollination services induces fluctuations in their populations and changes in bee health status. The current study aims to characterize the health condition of managed honey bees in three territories of the Department of Lambayeque, Peru, from a holistic perspective, considering several factors affecting bee health, including management practices, traits of the beekeepers and their apiaries, colony strength, infestation rates by Varroa sp., and the presence of agrochemical residues in bee bread. The results showed changes in land use, with large areas of crops dependent on bee pollination, determining their exposition to agrochemical residues. The 67% of bee bread samples presented pesticide residues, mainly, chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, boscalid, and azoxystrobin. In addition, limited expertise on good management practices by the beekeepers (i.e., inadequate disinfection of beekeeping materials, unsatisfactory varroa mites' surveillance, lack of protein supplements, presence of sanitary gaps) leads to deficiencies in bee colony strength and a high Varroa sp. prevalence in the territory, altering the bee health condition. To the best of our knowledge, this article illustrates the impact of the strongly anthropized ecosystems found along Peru's coast's arid zone on managed populations of honey bees in that territory with a One Health perspective.
对蜜蜂授粉服务的需求不断增长，导致其种群数量波动和蜜蜂健康状况发生变化。本研究旨在从整体角度描述秘鲁兰巴耶克省三个地区管理中蜂的健康状况，考虑影响蜜蜂健康的几个因素，包括管理实践、养蜂人的特征及其蜂场、蜂群实力、瓦螨的侵染率以及蜂粮中是否存在农药残留。结果表明，土地利用发生了变化，大片的农作物依赖蜜蜂授粉，这决定了它们会接触到农药残留。67%的蜂粮样本存在农药残留，主要是毒死蜱、多菌灵、苯甲丙环唑和唑菌胺酯。此外，养蜂人对良好管理实践的专业知识有限（例如，养蜂材料消毒不充分、对瓦螨的监测不令人满意、缺乏蛋白质补充剂、存在卫生漏洞），导致蜂群实力不足，瓦螨在该地区的流行率很高，从而改变了蜜蜂的健康状况。据我们所知，本文从“同一健康”的角度说明了秘鲁沿海干旱带强烈人为化的生态系统对该地区管理中蜂种群的影响。
