Giacobino Agostina, Pacini Adriana, Molineri Ana, Bulacio Cagnolo N, Merke J, Orellano E, Bertozzi E, Masciangelo G, Pietronave H, Signorini M
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Res Vet Sci. 2017 Jun;112:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Varroa destructor is one of the major threats to honey bee colonies. The mite abundance in the colonies is affected by environmental conditions as well as by beekeeping management. The aim of this study was to recognize the main drivers associated with autumn V. destructor infestation in honey bee colonies when different regions from Argentina are compared. A total of 361 colonies distributed in five Argentinean eco-regions were examined to evaluate Varroa mite infestation rate during autumn and Nosema sp. presence. Regions were different regarding annual temperature, precipitation and especially vegetation landscape. In addition, beekeeping management practices were obtained from a checklist questionnaire answered by the beekeepers. The prevalence of colonies with high infestation level was lower in semi-arid Chaco followed by humid and transition Chaco regions. Also, colonies that were positive for Nosema sp. showed a higher Varroa infestation rate. The "environmental" effect was stronger compared with the influence of secondary drivers associated with beekeeping activities. As well, a significant association between V. destructor infestation rates and Nosema presence was identified. Under contrasting natural conditions, environment seems a predominant driver on Varroa destructor infestation level in honey bee colonies.
狄斯瓦螨是蜜蜂蜂群面临的主要威胁之一。蜂群中螨虫的数量受环境条件以及养蜂管理的影响。本研究的目的是在比较阿根廷不同地区时，识别与秋季蜜蜂蜂群中狄斯瓦螨侵染相关的主要驱动因素。共检查了分布在阿根廷五个生态区域的361个蜂群，以评估秋季狄斯瓦螨的侵染率和微孢子虫属的存在情况。不同地区在年温度、降水量尤其是植被景观方面存在差异。此外，养蜂管理实践是通过养蜂人回答的清单问卷获得的。在半干旱的查科地区，高侵染水平蜂群的患病率较低，其次是湿润和过渡性查科地区。同样，微孢子虫属呈阳性的蜂群显示出更高的狄斯瓦螨侵染率。与养蜂活动相关的次要驱动因素的影响相比，“环境”效应更强。此外，还确定了狄斯瓦螨侵染率与微孢子虫属存在之间的显著关联。在不同的自然条件下，环境似乎是蜜蜂蜂群中狄斯瓦螨侵染水平的主要驱动因素。
