Polcaro Luciana Maria, Cerulli Antonietta, Masullo Milena, Piacente Sonia
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy.
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025 Jan 15;253:116520. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116520. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
Withania somnifera L. (Solanaceae), for over 3000 years, has been considered an essential herb in Ayurvedic medicine. The roots of W. somnifera contain metabolites mainly belonging to steroidal lactones called withanolides, which possess various pharmacological activities such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Since the demand on the market for W. somnifera extracts is increasing, with the aim to find an ecological and environmentally friendly strategy of extraction, the roots were submitted to different extraction techniques (macerations, ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-liquid dynamic extraction) using EtOH:HO 50:50, 75:25, 100:0. W. somnifera extracts were investigated by an integrated LC-ESI/QExactive/MS/MS and NMR approach to obtain comprehensive metabolite profiles. Principal Component Analysis of LC-MS and NMR data revealed how the extraction method and the solvent can affect the chemical profile of the extracts. Extracts obtained by maceration exhibited the highest amount of withanolides and withanosides, while the SLDE-Naviglio EtOH extract showed the highest amount of metabolites as benzoic acid, tropane alkaloids and sarcosine, reported for their CNS activity. Moreover, based on the use of this plant in the treatment of neurological disorders, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of all the extracts was herein tested by spectrophotometric assay, showing IC values in a range of 32.86-85.36 µg/ml.
睡茄（茄科）在阿育吠陀医学中一直被视为重要草药，已有3000多年历史。睡茄的根含有主要属于甾体内酯类的代谢产物，即睡茄内酯，其具有多种药理活性，如神经保护、心脏保护、抗糖尿病、抗氧化和抗炎作用。由于市场对睡茄提取物的需求不断增加，为了找到一种生态环保的提取策略，我们使用乙醇与水比例为50:50、75:25、100:0的溶液，对睡茄根采用了不同的提取技术（浸渍法、超声辅助提取法和固液动态提取法）。通过液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离/四极杆 - 轨道阱高分辨质谱联用（LC - ESI/QExactive/MS/MS）和核磁共振（NMR）综合方法对睡茄提取物进行研究，以获得全面的代谢产物谱。对液相色谱 - 质谱（LC - MS）和核磁共振数据进行主成分分析，揭示了提取方法和溶剂如何影响提取物的化学组成。浸渍法得到的提取物中睡茄内酯和睡茄苷含量最高，而固液动态提取法（Naviglio乙醇提取物）显示出苯甲酸、托烷生物碱和肌氨酸等代谢产物含量最高，这些物质因其对中枢神经系统的活性而被报道。此外，基于这种植物在治疗神经系统疾病方面的应用，本文通过分光光度法测定了所有提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制活性，其半数抑制浓度（IC）值在32.86 - 85.36μg/ml范围内。
