Ali Sajad, Tyagi Anshika, Park Suvin, Varshney Rajeev K, Bae Hanhong
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
J Adv Res. 2025 Sep;75:35-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.002. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Roots perform multifaceted functions in plants such as movement of nutrients and water, sensing stressors, shaping microbiome, and providing structural support. How roots perceive and respond above traits at the molecular level remains largely unknown. Despite the enormous advancements in crop improvement, the majority of recent efforts have concentrated on above-ground traits leaving significant knowledge gaps in root biology. Also, studying root system architecture (RSA) is more difficult due to its intricacy and the difficulties of observing them during plant life cycle which has made it difficult to identify desired root traits for the crop improvement. However, with the aid of high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping tools many developmental and stress-mediated regulation of RSA has emerged in both model and crop plants leading to new insights in root biology. Our current understanding of upstream signaling events (cell wall, apoplast) in roots and how they are interconnected with downstream signaling cascades has largely been constrained by the fact that most research in plant systems concentrate on cytosolic signal transduction pathways while ignoring the early perception by cells' exterior parts. In this regard, we discussed the role of FERONIA (FER) a cell wall receptor-like kinase (RLK) which acts as a sensor and a bridge between apoplast and cytosolic signaling pathways in root biology.
The goal of this review is to provide valuable insights into present understanding and future research perspectives on how FER regulates distinct root responses related to growth and stress adaptation.
In plants, FER is a unique RLK because it can act as a multitasking sensor and regulates diverse growth, and adaptive traits. In this review, we mainly highlighted its role in root biology like how it modulates distinct root responses such as root development, sensing abiotic stressors, mechanical stimuli, nutrient transport, and shaping microbiome. Further, we provided an update on how FER controls root traits by involving Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) peptides, calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormonal signaling pathways.. We also highlight number of outstanding questions in FER mediated root responses that warrants future investigation. To sum up, this review provides a comprehsive information on the role of FER in root biology which can be utilized for the development of future climate resilient and high yielding crops based on the modified root system.
根在植物中发挥着多方面的功能，如养分和水分的运输、感知应激源、塑造微生物群落以及提供结构支撑。根如何在分子水平上感知并响应上述特性在很大程度上仍不为人知。尽管作物改良取得了巨大进展，但近期的大多数努力都集中在地上部性状上，在根生物学方面留下了重大的知识空白。此外，研究根系结构（RSA）更加困难，因为其错综复杂，且在植物生命周期中观察它们存在困难，这使得难以确定用于作物改良的理想根系性状。然而，借助高通量表型分析和基因分型工具，在模式植物和作物中都出现了许多RSA的发育和胁迫介导调控，为根生物学带来了新的见解。我们目前对根中上游信号事件（细胞壁、质外体）及其与下游信号级联如何相互连接的理解，在很大程度上受到植物系统中大多数研究集中在胞质信号转导途径而忽略细胞外部部分早期感知这一事实的限制。在这方面，我们讨论了FERONIA（FER）的作用，它是一种细胞壁类受体激酶（RLK），在根生物学中作为质外体和胞质信号途径之间的传感器和桥梁。
本综述的目标是就FER如何调节与生长和胁迫适应相关的不同根系反应的当前理解和未来研究前景提供有价值的见解。
在植物中，FER是一种独特的RLK，因为它可以作为一种多功能传感器，调节多种生长和适应性状。在本综述中，我们主要强调了它在根生物学中的作用，例如它如何调节不同的根系反应，如根系发育、感知非生物胁迫、机械刺激、养分运输和塑造微生物群落。此外，我们介绍了FER如何通过涉及快速碱化因子（RALF）肽、钙、活性氧（ROS）和激素信号通路来控制根系性状的最新情况。我们还强调了FER介导的根系反应中一些有待未来研究的突出问题。总之，本综述提供了关于FER在根生物学中作用的全面信息，可用于基于改良根系开发未来适应气候变化的高产作物。
