Ji Yue, Sun Hao, Wang Yingda, Li Yanhui, Piao Rennv, Bu Li, Xu Hui
Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Geroscience. 2025 Apr;47(2):2275-2292. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01419-2. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
The oral and gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota in humans is susceptible to geographical influences and represents vital factors impacting healthy aging. The northeastern region of China, characterized by distinct dietary and climatic conditions, significantly influences the human microbiome composition. However, the microbial structure of the entire long-lived population in this area has not been evaluated. This study recruited a cohort of 142 individuals aged 55-102 residing in Northeast China, and their oral and gut microbiota were evaluated using full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicate that the oral and GI tract microbiota of long-lived individuals showed reduced microbial taxonomic richness and evenness compared to sub-longevity individuals. With aging, the core species experience a gradual decline in abundance, while subordinate species show an increase. The long-lived population exhibited a heightened ability to enrich beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes in the GI tract, which are associated with host metabolism and have the potential to act as probiotics, reducing the risks of unhealthy aging in the northeast population. Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus salivarius have been found to coexist in both the oral cavity and the GI tract of long-lived individuals. We hypothesize that beneficial bacterial taxa from the oral cavity colonize the GI tract more extensively in long-lived individuals compared to those with a shorter lifespan. These findings pave the way for identifying probiotic strains that can promote healthy aging in Northeast China.
人类口腔和胃肠道微生物群易受地理因素影响，是影响健康衰老的重要因素。中国东北地区具有独特的饮食和气候条件，对人类微生物组组成有显著影响。然而，该地区整个长寿人群的微生物结构尚未得到评估。本研究招募了142名年龄在55 - 102岁之间居住在中国东北的个体，使用全长16S rRNA基因扩增子测序对他们的口腔和肠道微生物群进行了评估。结果表明，与亚长寿个体相比，长寿个体的口腔和胃肠道微生物群的微生物分类丰富度和均匀度降低。随着年龄增长，核心物种的丰度逐渐下降，而从属物种则增加。长寿人群在胃肠道中富集有益细菌（包括阿克曼氏菌、艾利斯菌属、副拟杆菌属和产粪甾醇真杆菌）的能力增强，这些细菌与宿主代谢相关，有潜力作为益生菌，降低东北人群不健康衰老的风险。已发现双歧杆菌属和唾液乳杆菌在长寿个体的口腔和胃肠道中均共存。我们假设，与寿命较短的个体相比，长寿个体口腔中的有益细菌类群在胃肠道中的定殖更为广泛。这些发现为鉴定可促进中国东北地区健康衰老的益生菌菌株铺平了道路。
