Samrit Tepparit, Changklungmao Narin, Sangpairoj Kant, Buddawong Aticha, Kueakhai Pornanan, Chuanboon Kititpong, Sobhon Prasert, Pranweerapaiboon Kanta
Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 21;10(20):e39641. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39641. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
(PS) is commonly used in Southeast Asian cuisine and traditional medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, dermatitis, and kidney diseases. PS has emerged as a subject of interest because of its potential antioxidation and anti-inflammatory properties. However, despite its historically long and wide usage, a comprehensive investigation of these properties in PS pods (PSp) have not been conducted.
This study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds in the ethanolic extract of PSp collected from Southern Thailand and assess whether PSp exhibit antioxidant properties and mitigate inflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 model.
The ethanolic extract of PSp was comprehensively analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify its phytochemical constituents. To assess the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) assays were performed, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. The effect of PSp on reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) was determined using a nitric oxide (NO) assay, and its effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quatitvative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Morphological changes following treatment were observed using a microscope. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify MAPK pathway expression.
PSp contain polyphenols, phytosterols, triterpenes, oxaloacetic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids. PSp demonstrated high antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals and exhibited no cytotoxic effects on macrophages. Moreover, PSp effectively reduced NO release and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1-β, TNF-α, and IL-6. PSp treatment induced notable morphological changes in macrophages, characterized by an increase in cell size and the presence of intracellular vacuoles. In addition, Western blot analysis showed the selective suppressive effect of PSp on the p38-MAPK pathway.
PSp possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
刺蒺藜皂甙（PS）常用于东南亚美食和传统医学中，用于治疗糖尿病、高血压、皮炎和肾脏疾病。由于其潜在的抗氧化和抗炎特性，PS已成为一个研究热点。然而，尽管其使用历史悠久且广泛，但尚未对PS豆荚（PSp）的这些特性进行全面研究。
本研究旨在鉴定从泰国南部采集的PSp乙醇提取物中的植物化学成分，并评估PSp在脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW264.7模型中是否具有抗氧化特性并减轻炎症。
采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）对PSp乙醇提取物进行全面分析，以鉴定其植物化学成分。为评估抗氧化活性，进行了2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）和2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）测定，并使用MTT测定法评估细胞毒性。使用一氧化氮（NO）测定法测定PSp对活性氮和氧物种（RNS和ROS）的影响，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）评估其对促炎细胞因子的影响。使用显微镜观察处理后的形态变化。进行蛋白质印迹分析以量化丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径的表达。
PSp含有多酚、植物甾醇、三萜、草酰乙酸和不饱和脂肪酸。PSp在清除自由基方面表现出高抗氧化潜力，并且对巨噬细胞无细胞毒性作用。此外，PSp有效降低NO释放并抑制促炎细胞因子如IL1-β、TNF-α和IL-6。PSp处理诱导巨噬细胞发生明显的形态变化，其特征是细胞大小增加和细胞内出现空泡。此外，蛋白质印迹分析显示PSp对p38-MAPK途径具有选择性抑制作用。
PSp具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性，使其成为治疗炎症性疾病的潜在治疗剂。
