Martins Milena Letícia, Pinheiro Emerson Feio, Saito Geovanna Ayami, Lima Caroline Araújo Costa De, Leão Luana Ketlen Reis, Batista Evander de Jesus Oliveira, Passos Adelaide da Conceição Fonseca, Gouveia Amauri, Oliveira Karen Renata Herculano Matos, Herculano Anderson Manoel
Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.
Laboratory of Protozoology, Tropical Medicine Nucleus, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2024 Oct 23;18:1464992. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1464992. eCollection 2024.
Anxiety disorder is one of the most well-characterized behavioral disorders in individuals subjected to acute or chronic stress. However, few studies have demonstrated how different types of stressors can modulate the neurochemical alterations involved in the generation of anxiety. In this study, we hypothesize that subjects exposed to different aversive stimuli (mechanical, chemical, and spatial restriction) present varied intensities of anxiety-like responses associated with distinct patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release in the brain. Adult zebrafish, ( = 60), were randomly divided into four experimental groups; control, acute restraint stress (ARS), conspecific alarm substance (CAS), and chasing with net (CN). After the stress protocols, the animals were individually transferred to a novel tank diving test for behavioral analysis. Subsequently, their brains were collected and subjected to GABA and glutamate release assay for quantification by HPLC. Our behavioral results showed that all aversive stimuli were capable of inducing anxiety-like behavior. However, the impact of anxiogenic behavior was more prominent in the CN and CAS groups when compared to ARS. This phenomenon was evident in all analyzed behavioral parameters (time on top, freezing, mean speed, maximum speed, and erratic swimming). Our data also showed that all aversive stimuli significantly decreased GABA release compared to the control group. Only animals exposed to CN and CAS presented an increase in extracellular glutamate levels. Different acute stressors induced different levels of anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish as well as specific alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic release in the brain. These results demonstrate the complexity of anxiety disorders, highlighting that both behavioral and neurochemical responses are highly context-dependent.
焦虑症是遭受急性或慢性应激的个体中特征最为明确的行为障碍之一。然而，很少有研究表明不同类型的应激源如何调节焦虑产生过程中涉及的神经化学变化。在本研究中，我们假设暴露于不同厌恶刺激（机械、化学和空间限制）的受试者会出现不同强度的焦虑样反应，这些反应与大脑中γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和谷氨酸释放的不同模式相关。60条成年斑马鱼被随机分为四个实验组：对照组、急性束缚应激组（ARS）、同种警报物质组（CAS）和网捕追逐组（CN）。应激处理后，将动物单独转移到新水箱进行潜水行为分析。随后，收集它们的大脑并进行GABA和谷氨酸释放测定，通过高效液相色谱法进行定量分析。我们的行为结果表明，所有厌恶刺激都能够诱发焦虑样行为。然而，与ARS组相比，CN组和CAS组的致焦虑行为影响更为显著。这一现象在所有分析的行为参数（水面停留时间、僵住、平均速度、最大速度和不规则游动）中都很明显。我们的数据还表明，与对照组相比，所有厌恶刺激均显著降低了GABA的释放。只有暴露于CN组和CAS组的动物细胞外谷氨酸水平有所升高。不同的急性应激源在斑马鱼中诱发了不同程度的焦虑样行为以及大脑中GABA能和谷氨酸能释放的特定变化。这些结果证明了焦虑症的复杂性，强调行为和神经化学反应都高度依赖于具体情境。
