Centre International de Recherche-Développement Sur l'Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Cirad, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France.
Parasite Immunol. 2024 Nov;46(11):e13075. doi: 10.1111/pim.13075.
Trypanosome parasites of the genus Trypanosoma cause African animal trypanosomosis, a devastating livestock disease plaguing sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike many protozoan parasites, these extracellular blood-borne pathogens directly engage the host's immune system. While the mouse model has provided valuable insights, a comprehensive understanding of the bovine immune response to trypanosomes remains elusive. Addressing the immune response in cattle, the most relevant host species, and how it takes part in mitigating the negative impact of the disease could contribute to setting up sustainable control strategies. This review summarises the current knowledge of the immune response in cattle during trypanosomosis. Following a brief overview of infection processes and bovine trypanotolerance, we present advances in the regulation of host innate, inflammatory and adaptive responses and delve into the key immunological players involved in immunoactivities and immunosuppression. We discuss how these mechanisms contribute to tolerance or susceptibility to infection, highlighting critical gaps in knowledge that require further investigation.
锥虫属的寄生虫引起非洲动物锥虫病，这是一种严重影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区牲畜的疾病。与许多原生动物寄生虫不同，这些细胞外血源性病原体直接与宿主的免疫系统相互作用。虽然小鼠模型提供了有价值的见解，但对牛对锥虫的免疫反应的全面理解仍然难以捉摸。解决牛（最相关的宿主物种）中的免疫反应以及它如何参与减轻疾病的负面影响，可以为制定可持续的控制策略做出贡献。这篇综述总结了目前关于牛在锥虫病期间免疫反应的知识。在简要概述感染过程和牛的锥虫耐受力之后，我们介绍了宿主先天、炎症和适应性反应的调控方面的进展，并深入探讨了参与免疫活性和免疫抑制的关键免疫参与者。我们讨论了这些机制如何导致对感染的耐受或易感性，并强调了需要进一步研究的知识空白。
