Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Bio-Systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, 700241, Nigeria.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Nov 7;46(12):485. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02286-8.
Aquaculture operations produce large amounts of wastewater contaminated with organic matter, nitrogenous compounds, and other emerging contaminants; when discharged into natural water bodies, it could result in ecological problems and severely threaten aquatic habitats and human health. However, using aquaculture wastewater in biorefinery systems is becoming increasingly crucial as advancements in valuable bioproduct production continue to improve economic feasibility. Research on utilising microalgae as an alternative to producing biomass and removing nutrients from aquaculture wastewater has been extensively studied over the past decades. Microalgae have the potential to use carbon dioxide (CO) effectively and significantly reduce carbon footprint, and the harvested biomass can also be used as aquafeed. Furthermore, aquaculture wastewater enriched with phosphorus (P) is a potential resource for P recovery for the production of biofertiliser. This will reduce the P supply shortage and eliminate the environmental consequences of eutrophication. In this context, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in a generation, as well as the characteristics and environmental impact of aquaculture wastewater reported by the most recent research. Furthermore, the review synthesized recent developments in algal biomass cultivation using aquaculture wastewater and its utilisation as biorefinery feedstocks for producing value-added products, such as aquafeeds, bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, and bioenergy. This integrated process provides a sustainable method for recovering biomass and water, fully supporting the framework of a circular economy in aquaculture wastewater treatment via resource recovery.
水产养殖操作会产生大量的废水，这些废水中含有有机物、含氮化合物和其他新兴污染物；如果排放到自然水体中，可能会导致生态问题，并严重威胁水生栖息地和人类健康。然而，随着有价值的生物制品生产技术的不断进步，提高了经济可行性，在生物炼制系统中使用水产养殖废水变得越来越重要。在过去几十年里，利用微藻作为替代物从水产养殖废水中生产生物质和去除营养物质的研究已经得到了广泛的研究。微藻具有有效利用二氧化碳（CO）并显著减少碳足迹的潜力，收获的生物质也可以用作水产养殖饲料。此外，富含磷（P）的水产养殖废水是生产生物肥料的磷回收的潜在资源。这将减少磷供应短缺，并消除富营养化带来的环境后果。在这种情况下，本综述旨在全面概述目前的研究进展，以及最近研究报告的水产养殖废水的特性和环境影响。此外，本综述综合了最近利用水产养殖废水培养藻类生物质的发展情况，以及将其作为生物炼制原料生产附加值产品的利用情况，如水产养殖饲料、生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物甲烷和生物能源。这种综合的过程为回收生物质和水提供了一种可持续的方法，通过资源回收，为水产养殖废水处理的循环经济框架提供了全面支持。
