Helmy Fatma E, Ibrahim Ibrahim I, Saleh Amany M
Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 7;14(1):27049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75834-y.
This paper introduces a Hybrid Plasmonic Nano-Antenna (HPNA) with a gradient-index dielectric flat lens modeled with different materials to enhance and steer the radiation in a particular direction based on a phase shift array. Firstly, the design of hybrid plasmonic Nano-Antenna (NA) is introduced and analyzed considering different horn-shapes such as diamond, hexagonal, circular, rectangular, and square shapes. The commercial software Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS) is used to analyze the radiation characteristics of the plasmonic NAs at the standard telecommunication wavelength of 1,550 nm. The produced horn-shaped nano-antenna made up from gold cladding with low- and high-index dielectric materials of SiO2 and InGaAs, respectively. The gain of the Square Horn shape Hybrid Plasmonic Nano-Antenna (SHHPNA) achieves the greatest gain with a value of 10.7 dBi at the desired frequency and the return loss reached -18.09 dB due to the wide aperture area for SHHPNA, which results in a narrower beam-width and higher gain. Moreover, by using two different shapes of dielectric flat lens to enhance the antenna's performance by improving directivity while correspondingly reducing beam-width, the gain is enhanced and reaches 16.7 for SHHPNA with a circular lens and 16.9 for SHHPNA with a rectangular lens compared with the traditional NA that equal to 9.03 dBi. The main lobe for SHHPNA with each lens is more directed, with Side Lobe Level (SLL) and Half Power Beam-Width (HPBW) of -13.1 dB and 16.5° for SHHPNA with a circular lens and -15.1 dB and 15.4° for SHHPNA with a rectangular lens, respectively. In addition, the array configuration was investigated, and the gain was found to be 21 dBi for the single row array of 4×1 and 23.2 dB for the array of 3×3. Moreover, the array of 4×1 and 3×3 with +90° showed gains of 18.6 dBi and 20.7 dBi, respectively, compared to traditional paper with gains of 11.20 dBi and 13.1 dBi.
本文介绍了一种混合等离子体纳米天线（HPNA），它带有一个渐变折射率介质平面透镜，该透镜采用不同材料建模，以基于相移阵列增强并引导特定方向的辐射。首先，介绍并分析了混合等离子体纳米天线（NA）的设计，考虑了不同的喇叭形状，如菱形、六边形、圆形、矩形和正方形。使用商业软件计算机模拟技术 - 微波工作室（CST - MWS）来分析等离子体纳米天线在1550 nm标准电信波长下的辐射特性。所制作的喇叭形纳米天线由分别具有低折射率和高折射率介质材料SiO2和InGaAs的金包层构成。方形喇叭形混合等离子体纳米天线（SHHPNA）在所需频率下增益最大，达到10.7 dBi，由于SHHPNA的孔径面积较大，回波损耗达到 -18.09 dB，这导致波束宽度更窄且增益更高。此外，通过使用两种不同形状的介质平面透镜来提高天线性能，通过改善方向性同时相应减小波束宽度，与传统纳米天线（增益为9.03 dBi）相比，带圆形透镜的SHHPNA增益提高到16.7，带矩形透镜的SHHPNA增益提高到16.9。带每个透镜的SHHPNA的主瓣更具指向性，带圆形透镜的SHHPNA的旁瓣电平（SLL）和半功率波束宽度（HPBW）分别为 -13.1 dB和16.5°，带矩形透镜的SHHPNA的旁瓣电平（SLL）和半功率波束宽度（HPBW）分别为 -15.1 dB和15.4°。此外，研究了阵列配置，发现4×1的单行阵列增益为21 dBi，3×3阵列增益为23.2 dB。此外，与传统论文（增益分别为11.20 dBi和13.1 dBi）相比，角度为 +90°的4×1和3×3阵列的增益分别为18.6 dBi和20.7 dBi。
