Kim Seongjun, Lee Byoung-Doo, Lee Chang Woo, Park Hwan-Joon, Hwang Jung Eun, Park Hyeong Bin, Kim Young-Joong, Jeon Daeyoung, Yoon Young-Jun
Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Oct 24;15:1468395. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1468395. eCollection 2024.
Strict biennials are among the least known lifecycles in plant ecology due to their rarity in nature, and their population genetics still remain unknown. The present study addressed the strict biennial lifecycle and associated population genetics of , an endangered endemic plant in Korea. All individuals were counted in August from 2021 to 2023 in the wild population of Gayasan National Park, and lifecycle and morphological changes were monitored monthly. draft genome and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were used to study the population's genetic structure. strictly requires a 2-year lifecycle per generation, including 8 and 10 months of growing periods as a first-year seedling and second-year adult, respectively. Facultative annual and perennial lifecycles were undetected, resulting in odd-year and even-year flowering cohorts. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance on the detected 3,716 SNPs demonstrated that the flowering group ( < 0.005), microhabitat ( < 0.001), and their interaction ( < 0.01) had a significant effect on genetic structure, which was differentiated between odd-year and even-year flowering cohorts. Other cluster analyses also showed that a microhabitat under historical anthropogenic interventions contained lowered genetic diversity due to a decreased genetic distance between odd-year and even-year flowering cohorts ( < 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that excessive anthropogenic interventions should be avoided to preserve genetic diversity in the wild population. Moreover, conservation programs for similar biennial plants should collect wild breeds from both odd-year and even-year flowering cohorts to improve the genetic diversity of artificially propagated individuals.
严格的二年生植物在植物生态学中是鲜为人知的生命周期类型之一，因为它们在自然界中很罕见，其种群遗传学仍然未知。本研究探讨了韩国一种濒危特有植物的严格二年生生命周期及其相关的种群遗传学。在2021年至2023年的8月对伽耶山国家公园野生种群中的所有个体进行了计数，并每月监测其生命周期和形态变化。利用草图基因组和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析来研究该种群的遗传结构。严格要求每一代有两年的生命周期，作为一年生幼苗和二年生成年植物的生长期分别为8个月和10个月。未检测到兼性一年生和多年生生命周期，导致出现奇数年和偶数年开花群体。对检测到的3716个SNP进行的置换多变量方差分析表明，开花群体（P<0.005）、微生境（P<0.001）及其相互作用（P<0.01）对遗传结构有显著影响，奇数年和偶数年开花群体之间存在差异。其他聚类分析还表明，由于奇数年和偶数年开花群体之间的遗传距离减小（P<0.05），历史人为干预下的微生境遗传多样性降低。总体而言，研究结果表明应避免过度的人为干预，以保护野生种群的遗传多样性。此外，针对类似二年生植物的保护计划应从奇数年和偶数年开花群体中收集野生品种，以提高人工繁殖个体的遗传多样性。
