Tompkins Anastasiia K, Cooke David T, Backhus Leah, DiMaio J Michael, Pereira Sara J, Antonoff Mara, Merrill Walter, Erkmen Cherie P
Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, California.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2025 Mar;119(3):687-696. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.09.053. Epub 2024 Nov 8.
Cardiothoracic surgery lacks gender and racial/ethnic diversity. Recent studies have highlighted disparities based on gender and race/ethnicity among academic cardiothoracic surgeons. The impact of the intersection of these factors on representation and salary is unknown.
A cross-sectional analysis of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Association of American Medical Colleges data was performed on the number of trainees and clinical faculty stratified by race/ethnicity and gender using χ testing.
The number of women and underrepresented minorities was low in cardiothoracic surgery compared with other specialties, with lowest representation at the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender. Among trainees, 8% were Asian, 2% were Black/African American , and 1.5% were Hispanic/Latina women. Among cardiothoracic faculty, 3.4% were Asian, 0.8% were Black/African American, and 0.4% were Hispanic/Latina women. Women in academic medicine, surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery earned 80%-87% the salary of men of equal academic rank. White assistant professors earned more than their colleagues (all clinical faculty, surgeons, and cardiothoracic surgeons), this difference was further compounded by gender.
Salary disparities exist among cardiothoracic surgeons at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. Women experience salary disparity across all academic ranks and specialties. When considering the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity, gender is the predominant factor driving salary inequity.
心胸外科领域缺乏性别和种族/族裔多样性。最近的研究突出了学术心胸外科医生中基于性别和种族/族裔的差异。这些因素的交叉对代表性和薪资的影响尚不清楚。
利用χ检验，对毕业后医学教育认证委员会和美国医学院协会的数据进行横断面分析，按种族/族裔和性别对学员和临床教员数量进行分层。
与其他专科相比，心胸外科领域的女性和代表性不足的少数族裔人数较少，在种族/族裔和性别的交叉点上代表性最低。在学员中，8%为亚洲人，2%为黑人/非裔美国人，1.5%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性。在心胸外科教员中，3.4%为亚洲人，0.8%为黑人/非裔美国人，0.4%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性。学术医学、外科和心胸外科领域的女性收入为同等学术职级男性的80%-87%。白人助理教授的收入高于其同事（所有临床教员、外科医生和心胸外科医生），这种差异因性别而进一步加剧。
在心胸外科医生中，性别和种族/族裔交叉点存在薪资差异。女性在所有学术职级和专科中都存在薪资差异。在考虑性别和种族/族裔交叉点时，性别是导致薪资不平等的主要因素。
