学术急诊医学医师中的性别及种族/族裔差异现状

Current Status of Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians.

作者信息

Madsen Tracy E, Linden Judith A, Rounds Kirsten, Hsieh Yu-Hsiang, Lopez Bernard L, Boatright Dowin, Garg Nidhi, Heron Sheryl L, Jameson Amy, Kass Dara, Lall Michelle D, Melendez Ashley M, Scheulen James J, Sethuraman Kinjal N, Westafer Lauren M, Safdar Basmah

机构信息

Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

出版信息

Acad Emerg Med. 2017 Oct;24(10):1182-1192. doi: 10.1111/acem.13269. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

DOI:10.1111/acem.13269

PMID:28779488

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

A 2010 survey identified disparities in salaries by gender and underrepresented minorities (URM). With an increase in the emergency medicine (EM) workforce since, we aimed to 1) describe the current status of academic EM workforce by gender, race, and rank and 2) evaluate if disparities still exist in salary or rank by gender.

METHODS

Information on demographics, rank, clinical commitment, and base and total annual salary for full-time faculty members in U.S. academic emergency departments were collected in 2015 via the Academy of Administrators in Academic Emergency Medicine (AAAEM) Salary Survey. Multiple linear regression was used to compare salary by gender while controlling for confounders.

RESULTS

Response rate was 47% (47/101), yielding data on 1,371 full-time faculty: 33% women, 78% white, 4% black, 5% Asian, 3% Asian Indian, 4% other, and 7% unknown race. Comparing white race to nonwhite, 62% versus 69% were instructor/assistant, 23% versus 20% were associate, and 15% versus 10% were full professors. Comparing women to men, 74% versus 59% were instructor/assistant, 19% versus 24% were associate, and 7% versus 17% were full professors. Of 113 chair/vice-chair positions, only 15% were women, and 18% were nonwhite. Women were more often fellowship trained (37% vs. 31%), less often core faculty (59% vs. 64%), with fewer administrative roles (47% vs. 57%; all p < 0.05) but worked similar clinical hours (mean ± SD = 1,069 ± 371 hours vs. 1,051 ± 393 hours). Mean overall salary was $278,631 (SD ± $68,003). The mean (±SD) salary of women was $19,418 (±$3,736) less than men (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for race, region, rank, years of experience, clinical hours, core faculty status, administrative roles, board certification, and fellowship training.

CONCLUSIONS

In 2015, disparities in salary and rank persist among full-time U.S. academic EM faculty. There were gender and URM disparities in rank and leadership positions. Women earned less than men regardless of rank, clinical hours, or training. Future efforts should focus on evaluating salary data by race and developing systemwide practices to eliminate disparities.

摘要

目的

2010年的一项调查发现了性别和少数族裔（URM）在薪资方面的差异。自那时以来，急诊医学（EM）劳动力有所增加，我们旨在：1）按性别、种族和职级描述学术急诊医学劳动力的现状；2）评估性别在薪资或职级方面是否仍然存在差异。

方法

2015年通过学术急诊医学管理人员学会（AAAEM）薪资调查收集了美国学术急诊部门全职教员的人口统计学信息、职级、临床工作量以及基本工资和年薪总额。在控制混杂因素的情况下，使用多元线性回归比较性别之间的薪资。

结果

回复率为47%（47/101），得到了1371名全职教员的数据：33%为女性，78%为白人，4%为黑人，5%为亚洲人，3%为印度裔亚洲人，4%为其他种族，7%种族未知。将白人种族与非白人种族进行比较，62%对69%为讲师/助理，23%对20%为副教授，15%对10%为正教授。将女性与男性进行比较，74%对59%为讲师/助理，19%对24%为副教授，7%对17%为正教授。在113个主任/副主任职位中，只有15%为女性，18%为非白人。女性接受专科培训的比例更高（37%对31%），担任核心教员的比例更低（59%对64%），行政职务更少（47%对57%；所有p<0.05），但临床工作时长相似（平均±标准差=1069±371小时对1051±393小时）。平均总薪资为278,631美元（标准差±68,003美元）。即使在调整了种族、地区、职级、工作年限、临床工作时长、核心教员身份、行政职务、委员会认证和专科培训等因素后，女性的平均薪资仍比男性少19,418美元（±3,736美元）（p<0.001）。