Zhou Shichu, Zhang Xin, Zhang Junyu, Zang Changjiang, Fan Rongbo, Wang Jun, Guo Tongjun, Han Rongwei, Yang Yongxin
College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China.
Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Feb;108(2):1367-1379. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25146. Epub 2024 Nov 8.
Milk powder, a nutrient-rich dairy product, lacks comprehensive information summarizing its specific properties when produced by spray- and freeze-dried technologies from different sources. Therefore, this study investigated the differences in physicochemical properties, microstructure, and proteome of spray- and freeze-dried milk powders from bovine, goat, and horse sources. The results revealed that spray-dried milk powder exhibited a smaller particle size, lower air content within the powder particles, inferior reconstitution properties, and lower lactose crystallinity compared with freeze-dried milk powder. Additionally, among the studied varieties, horse milk powder showed the lowest flowability but the most effective reconstitution properties. Proteomic analysis indicated that freeze-dried milk powder exhibited higher levels of immune-related proteins, including complement C3, C7, and complement factor B, and antimicrobial enzymes such as lysozyme and lactoperoxidase compared with spray-dried milk powder. Furthermore, specific milk powders contained more immune-related proteins such as serum amyloid A, myeloid antimicrobial peptide-28, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and mucin-1 compared with bovine milk powder. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the differences in the physicochemical properties and potential biological functions of spray- and freeze-dried milk powders from various sources, which may help in further optimizing specific milk powder processing technologies.
奶粉是一种营养丰富的乳制品，然而，对于不同来源的奶粉采用喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥技术生产时其具体特性缺乏全面的信息总结。因此，本研究调查了牛、山羊和马来源的喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥奶粉在物理化学性质、微观结构和蛋白质组方面的差异。结果表明，与冷冻干燥奶粉相比，喷雾干燥奶粉的颗粒尺寸较小，粉末颗粒内的空气含量较低，复水性较差，乳糖结晶度较低。此外，在所研究的品种中，马奶粉的流动性最低，但复水性能最有效。蛋白质组学分析表明，与喷雾干燥奶粉相比，冷冻干燥奶粉中免疫相关蛋白水平较高，包括补体C3、C7和补体因子B，以及抗菌酶如溶菌酶和乳过氧化物酶。此外，与牛奶粉相比，特定的奶粉含有更多的免疫相关蛋白，如血清淀粉样蛋白A、髓样抗菌肽-28、聚合免疫球蛋白受体和粘蛋白-1。这些发现有助于更深入地了解不同来源的喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥奶粉在物理化学性质和潜在生物学功能方面的差异，这可能有助于进一步优化特定的奶粉加工技术。
