Geisler S Mareike, Lausch Kevin H, Hehnen Felix, Schulz Isabell, Kertzscher Ulrich, Kriegel Martin, Paschereit C Oliver, Schimek Sebastian, Hasirci Ümit, Brockmann Gerrid, Moter Annette, Senftleben Karolin, Moritz Stefan
Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Institute of Energy Technology, Department Energy, Comfort and Health in Buildings, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstraße 4, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
Commun Eng. 2024 Nov 9;3(1):161. doi: 10.1038/s44172-024-00297-y.
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that reliable risk assessment of venues is still challenging and resulted in the indiscriminate closure of many venues worldwide. Therefore, this study used an experimental, numerical and analytical approach to investigate the airborne transmission risk potential of differently ventilated, sized and shaped venues. The data were used to assess the magnitude of effect of various mitigation measures and to develop recommendations. Here we show that, in general, positions in the near field of an emission source were at high risk, while the risk of infection from positions in the far field varied depending on the ventilation strategy. Occupancy, airflow rate, residence time, virus variants, activity level and face masks affected the individual and global infection risk in all venues. The global infection risk was lowest for the displacement ventilation case, making it the most effective ventilation strategy for keeping airborne transmission and the number of secondary cases low, compared to mixing or natural ventilation.
新冠疫情表明，对场所进行可靠的风险评估仍然具有挑战性，导致全球许多场所被不加区分地关闭。因此，本研究采用实验、数值和分析方法，调查不同通风、大小和形状的场所的空气传播风险潜力。这些数据用于评估各种缓解措施的效果大小并提出建议。我们在此表明，一般来说，排放源近场的位置风险较高，而远场位置的感染风险则因通风策略而异。人员密度、气流速率、停留时间、病毒变种、活动水平和口罩影响了所有场所的个体和总体感染风险。与混合通风或自然通风相比，置换通风情况下的总体感染风险最低，使其成为控制空气传播和降低二代病例数最有效的通风策略。
