University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA.
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2025 Feb;105(1):143-158. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.06.011. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
Achalasia is an incurable condition of the esophagus involving the inflammation and degeneration of inhibitory neurons of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resulting in failure of the LES to relax. Typical symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia, retrosternal chest pain, regurgitation, and weight loss. Three studies are typically required for the diagnosis of achalasia: barium swallow, high-resolution esophageal manometry, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Differential diagnosis includes gastroesophageal reflux disease, pseudoachalasia, neoplasm, and nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders such as scleroderma, jackhammer esophagus, distal esophageal spasm, and nutcracker esophagus.
贲门失弛缓症是一种不可治愈的食管疾病，涉及下食管括约肌（LES）抑制神经元的炎症和变性，导致 LES 松弛失败。贲门失弛缓症的典型症状是吞咽困难、胸骨后疼痛、反流和体重减轻。贲门失弛缓症的诊断通常需要进行三项检查：钡餐吞咽、高分辨率食管测压和食管胃十二指肠镜检查。鉴别诊断包括胃食管反流病、假性贲门失弛缓症、肿瘤和非贲门失弛缓症食管动力障碍，如硬皮病、贲门失弛缓症、远端食管痉挛和胡桃夹食管。
