Åkerstedt Torbjörn
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sleep Adv. 2024 Nov 9;5(1):zpae076. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae076. eCollection 2024.
This is a personal review of a research life focused on sleep in everyday life. It finds that irregular work hours shorten sleep duration and increase sleepiness, both subjectively and objectively (polysomnography). Also, experimental lab studies demonstrate reduced sleep duration (and sleep stages N2 and REM) when sleep is moved into the daylight hours (and the circadian upswing). Stage N3% seems not affected, and homeostatic experiments suggest that awakenings should not occur until the need for N3% or total spectral power has been satisfied. Furthermore, sleepiness is associated with increased alpha activity and slow eye movements, although the best indicator of dangerous sleepiness is subjective ratings (linked to perceptions of heavy eye lids). Everyday stress has very modest negative effects on objective sleep quality. Sleep loss as well as excessive sleep durations are linked to mortality, but with modest risk, and mainly in older individuals. Finally, objective sleep poorly reflects subjective sleep quality, and women appear to report poorer sleep than men, while objective data show better sleep quality in women. The discrepancy is considerably greater in older age groups.
这是一篇关于聚焦日常生活中睡眠的研究经历的个人综述。研究发现，不规律的工作时间会缩短睡眠时间，并在主观和客观上（通过多导睡眠图）增加嗜睡感。此外，实验性实验室研究表明，当睡眠被安排在白天（以及昼夜节律上升期）时，睡眠时间（以及N2期和快速眼动睡眠期）会减少。N3期百分比似乎不受影响，稳态实验表明，在对N3期百分比或总频谱功率的需求得到满足之前，不应唤醒。此外，嗜睡与α活动增加和缓慢眼动有关，尽管危险嗜睡的最佳指标是主观评分（与沉重眼皮的感觉相关）。日常压力对客观睡眠质量的负面影响非常小。睡眠不足以及睡眠时间过长都与死亡率有关，但风险较小，主要发生在老年人中。最后，客观睡眠很难反映主观睡眠质量，女性报告的睡眠质量似乎比男性差，而客观数据显示女性的睡眠质量更好。这种差异在老年人群中要大得多。
