Álvarez-González Lucía, Ruiz-Herrera Aurora
Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2025 Feb;13(1):49-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102233. Epub 2024 Nov 12.
Studies examining the evolution of genomes have focused mainly on sequence conservation. However, the inner working of a cell implies tightly regulated crosstalk between complex gene networks controlled by small dispersed regulatory elements of physically contacting DNA regions. How these different levels of chromatin organization crosstalk in different species underpins the potential for genome evolutionary plasticity. We review the evolution of chromatin organization across the Animal Tree of Life. We introduce general aspects of the mode and tempo of genome evolution to later explore the multiple layers of genome organization. We argue that both genome and chromosome size modulate patterns of chromatin folding and that chromatin interactions facilitate the formation of lineage-specific chromosomal reorganizations, especially in germ cells. Overall, analyzing the mechanistic forces involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure and function of the germ line is critical for understanding genome evolution, maintenance, and inheritance.
研究基因组进化的工作主要集中在序列保守性上。然而，细胞的内部运作意味着在由物理接触的DNA区域的小的分散调控元件控制的复杂基因网络之间存在严格调控的串扰。不同物种中这些不同层次的染色质组织如何相互串扰，支撑了基因组进化可塑性的潜力。我们综述了整个动物生命树中染色质组织的进化。我们介绍了基因组进化的模式和速度的一般方面，以便随后探索基因组组织的多个层次。我们认为基因组和染色体大小都调节染色质折叠模式，并且染色质相互作用促进了谱系特异性染色体重组的形成，特别是在生殖细胞中。总体而言，分析参与维持生殖系染色质结构和功能的机制力量对于理解基因组进化、维持和遗传至关重要。
