Zhang Rui, Schwandt Melanie L, Vines Leah, Volkow Nora D
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.005.
Adolescents with disrupted rest-activity rhythms (RARs), including shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, and low physical activity levels, are at greater risk for mental health and behavioral problems. It remains unclear whether the same associations can be observed for within-subject changes in RARs.
This longitudinal investigation on RARs used Fitbit data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at the 2-year follow-up (FL2) (ages 10-13 years) and 4-year follow-up (FL4) (ages 13-16 years). Good-quality Fitbit data were available for 963 youths at both time points. Changes in RARs from FL2 to FL4, their environmental and demographic contributors, and brain and behavioral correlates were examined.
From FL2 to FL4, adolescents showed decreases in sleep duration and physical activity as well as delayed sleep timing (Cohen d = 0.44-0.75). Contributions of environmental and demographic factors to RAR changes were greatest for sleep timing (explained 10% variance) and least for sleep duration (explained 1% variance). Delays in sleep timing had stronger correlations with behavioral problems including impulsivity and poor academic performance than reductions in sleep duration or physical activity. Additionally, the various brain measures differed in their sensitivity to RAR changes. Reductions in sleep duration were associated with decreased functional connectivity between subcortical regions and sensorimotor and cingulo-opercular networks and with enhanced functional connectivity between sensorimotor, visual, and auditory networks. Delays in sleep timing were mainly associated with gray matter changes in subcortical regions.
The current findings corroborate the importance of sleep and physical activity in brain neurodevelopment and behavioral problems in adolescents. RARs might serve as biomarkers for monitoring behavioral problems and be potential therapeutic targets for mental disorders in adolescents.
休息-活动节律（RARs）紊乱的青少年，包括睡眠时间缩短、睡眠时间延迟和身体活动水平低，面临更大的心理健康和行为问题风险。目前尚不清楚RARs的个体内变化是否也存在同样的关联。
这项关于RARs的纵向研究使用了青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究在2年随访（FL2）（10 - 13岁）和4年随访（FL4）（13 - 16岁）时的Fitbit数据。在两个时间点均有963名青少年的高质量Fitbit数据。研究了从FL2到FL4的RARs变化、其环境和人口统计学影响因素以及大脑和行为相关性。
从FL2到FL4，青少年的睡眠时间和身体活动减少，睡眠时间延迟（科恩d = 0.44 - 0.75）。环境和人口统计学因素对RARs变化的影响在睡眠时间方面最大（解释了10%的方差），在睡眠时间方面最小（解释了1%的方差）。睡眠延迟与包括冲动性和学业成绩差在内的行为问题的相关性比睡眠时间或身体活动的减少更强。此外，各种大脑测量指标对RARs变化的敏感性不同。睡眠时间的减少与皮质下区域与感觉运动和扣带 - 岛叶网络之间的功能连接减少以及感觉运动、视觉和听觉网络之间的功能连接增强有关。睡眠延迟主要与皮质下区域的灰质变化有关。
当前研究结果证实了睡眠和身体活动在青少年大脑神经发育和行为问题中的重要性。RARs可能作为监测行为问题的生物标志物，并且是青少年精神障碍的潜在治疗靶点。
